“道义之勇”到“为己之勇”:程朱对儒家勇观念的创造性诠释  

“Moral Courage”to“Self-Acquired Courage”:Cheng-Chu Creative Interpretation of the Confucian Concept of Courage

作　　者：王晶 WANG Jing(Advanced Research Institute of Confucianism,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《济宁学院学报》2020年第4期9-13,共5页Journal of Jining University

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中华文化元典基本概念研究”(12AZD082)。

摘　　要：《中庸》中“勇”与“仁”“知”并称,以知、仁、勇为儒家“三达德”,“勇”从众多德目中脱颖而出,地位迅速上升,同时“勇”的内涵亦有明显变化。从前孔子时代的武夫之勇、武士之勇,逐渐发展到孔孟时期的君子之勇、义勇,从勇行发展为勇德。降至宋明,“勇”的内涵又有一个跳跃式发展:逐渐从孔孟时期的外发性勇德到内收性的自反常直。而这一时期,“勇”的意蕴亦由德行发展为心灵上的自足,“勇”明显倾向于人格上的提升,超越旧俗和生存境域的限制,以自足和自我实现为根本目标,是自我心灵上的安顿。“勇”内涵的变化,凸显“勇”的变体意义,值得探究和深思。In the doctrine of the mean,"Courage","Benevolence"and"Knowledge"are also called"the three virtues"of Confucianism.The connotation of"Courage"has also changed significantly.From the bravery of warriors in the pre-Confucian era,it gradually developed into the courage of gentlemen during the period of Confucius and Mencius.Down to Song and Ming,the connotation of"Courage"has another leap-forward development."Courage"gradually changes from the outward courage of the Confucian and Mencius period to the admissible self-reliance,and during this period,the meaning of"Courage"also switchedfrom virtue to spiritual self-sufficiency."Courage"obviously tends to enhance personality,transcend the limitations of the old customs and the realm of survival,and regard self-sufficiency and self-realization as the fundamental goal,which is the self-spiritual.The change in the meaning of"Courage"is worth exploring and pondering.

关 键 词：武夫之勇 血气之勇 君子之勇 颜子大勇 自足 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]