公平缺失与回归:社会交换视角下我国幼儿教师的职业困境及其纾解对策  

Lack of Fairness and Return:On the Career Dilemma of Preschool Teachers in China from the Perspective of Social Exchange and the Solutions

作　　者：黎平辉 陈文俊 LI Ping-hui;CHEN Wen-jun(Guizhou Education Development Research Center of Guizhou Education University,Guiyang 550018,China;Zhenxin Kindergarten in Wudang District,Guiyang City,Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550018,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院贵州教育发展研究中心,贵州贵阳550018 [2]贵州省贵阳市乌当区振新幼儿园,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2020年第9期98-103,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：贵州省理论创新课题贵州师范学院联合项目(GZLCLHZXYB-2019-01)。

摘　　要：从社会交换理论的视角看,个人从事职业活动含有参与社会交换的过程。当前幼儿教师从事职业活动中的社会交换缺失公平:政府(幼儿园)给的工资福利低于同类工作标准;家长对幼儿教师工作的专业认可度不及其他学段教师;师幼互动中疲于应付带给教师的过程快乐少;幼儿成长的模糊性带给教师的工作成就感低等。公平缺失一方面导致幼儿教师怠教或离职,降低交换投入或更换交换对象,给幼儿教育事业带来了消极影响;另一方面削弱了优秀人才把幼教职业作为社会交换途径的积极性,影响了幼儿教育质量提升。因此,必须通过提高工资福利,合理控制工作强度;树立正确的儿童观与幼儿教育观,转变家长态度;控制班级规模,合理进行班级布局;提升幼儿教师工作成就感等,来激发教师投身幼教事业的积极性。From the perspective of social exchange theory,personal professional activities involve the process of participation in social exchange.At present,the social exchange of preschool teachers in their professional activities is lack of fairness:the salary and welfare given by the government(kindergarten)is lower than that of the same kind of work standard;parents’professional recognition of preschool teachers is lower than that of other school teachers;teachers are tired of coping with the interaction between teachers and children,which brings less pleasure to teachers;the fuzziness of children’s growth brings teachers low sense of work achievement.On the one hand,the lack of fairness leads to the kindergarten teachers’sluggish teaching or resignation,that is,to reduce the exchange investment or change the exchange objects,which has a negative impact on the cause of preschool education;on the other hand,it weakens the enthusiasm of excellent talents to regard preschool education as a social exchange way,and affects the improvement of the quality of preschool education.Therefore,it is necessary to stimulate teachers’enthusiasm to devote themselves to preschool education by improving wages and benefits,reasonably controlling work intensity,establishing correct views on children and preschool education,changing parents’attitudes,controlling class size,reasonably arranging classes,and improving the sense of achievement of preschool teachers.

关 键 词：社会交换理论 幼儿教师 职业困境 公平 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]