适合以水稻秸秆为栽培基质主要成分的平菇菌株筛选及配方优化  

Screening of Pleurotus ostreatus Strains for Cultivating Substrate with High Rice-Straw Content and Substrate-Formula Optimization

作　　者：刘天海[1,2] 苗人云 彭卫红[1,2] 黄忠乾 甘炳成[1,2] 谭昊 LIU Tian-hai;MIAO Ren-yun;PENG Wei-hong;HUANG Zhong-qian;GAN Bing-cheng;TAN Hao(Edible Fungi Research Center,Soil Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610066,China;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Sichuan Chengdu 610066,China;College of Biological Engineering,Jiangnan University,Jiangsu Wuxi 214062,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/四川省农业科学院食用菌研究中心,四川成都610066 [2]农业部西南区域农业微生物资源利用科学观测实验站,四川成都610066 [3]江南大学生物工程学院,江苏无锡214062

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第8期1778-1784,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：西南地区特色食用菌秸秆基质化利用技术(201503137);食药用菌物种资源与基因资源发掘与利用研究(2016ZYPZ-028);国家自然科学基金(31901119)。

摘　　要：【目的】以实现水稻秸秆的资源化利用为目的,为常规农法栽培平菇的产业升级提供更加科学的技术保障,也为秸秆基质化利用提供了坚实有效的科学基础。【方法】以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)为试材,采用代料栽培方式,比较了10个常规平菇菌株在高水稻秸秆含量基质上的生长情况;同时在测定栽培原料营养物质基础上,以筛选的优良平菇菌株优化得到水稻秸秆栽培基质最佳碳、氮源配方和最适颗粒度。【结果】相对于棉籽壳和玉米芯,水稻秸秆含有更丰富的氮、磷、可溶性糖、总蛋白质、游离氨基酸等营养物质以及更低的木质素含量,同时常规氮源辅料中的麦麸营养最为全面、均衡;在高水稻秸秆含量的基质上,菌株S1菌丝生长速度最快、生物学效率最高且农艺性状最好;颗粒度F4基质上菌盖直径最大,颗粒度F5基质上菌丝生长速度最快,且生物学效率均较高;菜籽饼、麦麸、玉米粉、尿素对栽培基质总碳氮比值的影响依次增大,氮源配方N8上菌丝满袋时间最短,单袋子实体产量最高;随水稻秸秆替代比例增大,栽培成本逐渐降低,配方C3、C4的总收入、单袋效益最高,C4的产投比值最大。【结论】水稻秸秆营养丰富,适宜栽培平菇,最适菌株为‘杂优一号’,最佳颗粒度为铡断呈30 mm段状和粉碎后过20 mm孔筛后的丝绒状,最适碳氮源复配配方为61.5%水稻秸秆,21.5%棉籽壳,15%玉米粉,2%石灰。【Objective】The present paper aimed to implement the utilization of rice-straw resource,and to provide more scientific foundations as well as technical guarantees for the upgrading of the current Pleurotus ostreatus cultivating industry prevailed by conventional agriculturalpractices.【Method】This study used P.ostreatus as test material,and used substitutional cultivating methods to compare the growth of 10 commonly-used P.ostreatus strains on a substrate with high rice-straw content.Meanwhile,based on determination of the nutrients in the cultivation materials,formulations of carbon-and nitrogen-sources as well as the optimal particle size of rice straw of the cultivation substrates were optimized using the optimal P.ostreatus strains screened out.【Result】The results showed that rice straw contained more nitrogen,phosphorus,soluble sugar,total protein,free amino acids and other nutrients as well as less lignin compared to cottonseed hulls and corn cobs.Wheat bran had the most comprehensive and balanced nutrition.On the substrate with high rice-straw content,the mycelium of strain S1 had the fastest growth rate,the highest biological efficiency and the best agronomic traits.The largest pileus diameter was obtained on the substrate particle size of F4.Mycelium grown on the substrate with particle size F5 had the fastest growth rate and a good biological efficiency.Rapeseed cake,wheat bran,corn flour,and urea all showed impacts on the C∶N ratio of thecultivation substrate,with a growing order.The formula N8 of nitrogen source had the shortest time of the mycelium colonizing the entire cultivating bag and the highest yield per bag.With an increase of rice straw proportion,the cultivation cost was gradually reduced.The formula C3 and C4 had the highest total income of and single-bag profit.The production/investment ratio of C4 was the highest.【Conclusion】Rice straw is rich in nutrients and is suitable for cultivating P.ostreatus.The most suitable strain is‘Za you No.1’.The optimal particle size is

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 平菇 菌株筛选 颗粒度 氮源 碳源 

分 类 号：S759.81[农业科学—森林经理学]