“大材小用”的员工缘何不作为?——基于自我决定理论的视角  

Why do Employees with Overqualification Have Work Disengagement Behaviors?From the Perspective of Self-determination Theory

作　　者：李伟[1] 梅继霞[2] 周纯 Li Wei;Mei Jixia;Zhou Chun(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China;School of Public Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2020年第10期76-90,共15页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费培育项目(2722019PY020)。

摘　　要：伴随着教育事业的不断发展和就业机会的越发紧张,员工资质过剩所体现出来的“大材小用”已经成为一种较为常见的现象,也成为近年来人力资源管理研究的一个热点。一般而言,资质过剩会造成个体有意减少工作投入的工作脱离行为,本文通过引入工作意义的中介作用以及自主定向的调节效应,首次从个体内在自我决定的角度揭示了其中的影响机制及边界条件。基于对来自武汉和长沙等地的443份企业员工样本的实证分析,本文认为自主定向高的个体更会依据自己内心的想法行事,其行为不太容易受外界影响,对于他们来说,资质过剩会经由个体的工作意义感知而对工作脱离产生更强的影响;而自主定向低的个体更容易受到绩效奖惩、任务期限等外在条件的影响,其资质过剩经由个体的工作意义感知而对工作脱离的影响会被削弱。文章以自我决定理论为视角,丰富了资质过剩领域的研究,同时,强调个体的工作意义感以及自主定向的分类激励,也为企业对资质过剩员工的管理提供了一定的启示。Overqualification refers to the psychological phenomenon that individuals perceive themselves has higher education level,knowledge,experience and skills than the job requirements,which has become a common phenomenon in many national organizations.Some studies have shown that individuals who are overqualified often show negative and perfunctory work disengagement behaviors such as actively reducing work engagement.However,when discussing the relationship between the two concepts,the existing literature tends to directly based on the relative exploitation theory and the equity theory,emphasizing more on the comparison between the employees with overqualification and others,while ignoring the internal self-determination needs of such individuals.Therefore,from the perspective of self-determination theory,based on a two-stage moderated mediating model,this paper discusses the paths and conditions of the influence of overqualification on work disengagement behaviors,and emphasizes the internal basic demand factors of employees for the first time,which are of great value in interpreting the influence of overqualification on work disengagement behaviors.443 samples of employees from Wuhan,Changsha and other places show that there is a positive correlation between employees’overqualification and work disengagement behaviors,and work meaning plays a part of mediating role;The autonomy orientation of employees not only moderates the negative impact of overqualification on work meaning,but also moderates the negative impact of work meaning on work disengagement behaviors;Through the positive indirect influence of work meaning on work disengagement behaviors,employees’overqualification is not only affected by the autonomy orientation on the moderated relationship of overqualification and work meaning,but also affected by the autonomy orientation on the moderated relationship of work meaning and work disengagement behaviors,that is,compared with individuals with low autonomy orientation,the higher the autonomy orientation

关 键 词：资质过剩 工作意义 工作脱离行为 自主定向 

分 类 号：C936[经济管理—管理学]