中国传统伦理思想的共享主义特征  

The Characteristics of Sharing in Traditional Chinese Ethics

作　　者：向玉乔[1] 沈莹 XIANG Yu-qiao;SHEN Ying(Center for Moral Culture Research,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学道德文化研究中心,长沙410081

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2020年第5期14-20,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国共产党的集体道德记忆研究”(19ZDA034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国传统伦理思想具有鲜明的共享主义特征。儒家伦理思想的底色是人本主义,其核心是共享伦理。共享伦理是以公正地分享社会资源作为核心伦理价值取向和最高美德而形成的一个伦理价值体系。儒家对共享伦理的诉求是以肯定人的人格平等作为伦理基础,依靠人的仁爱美德得到落实,价值目标是实现分配正义和社会和谐。道家伦理思想的底色是自然主义,其核心也是共享伦理。它以“损有余而补不足”的“天道”作为弘扬共享伦理的伦理基础,依靠“善利万物而不争”的美德落实共享伦理,价值目标是自然而然的美好生活。佛家伦理思想是通过超自然主义理论得到表达的。它以大慈大悲的菩萨心肠作为弘扬共享伦理的伦理基础,依靠“布施”落实共享伦理,价值目标是得道成佛。在儒、道、佛三家的共享主义伦理思想体系中,“共享”或者合乎“人道”,或者合乎“天道”,或者合乎“佛道”,既是人类应该普遍遵守的伦理原则,也是人类应该共同培养的美德。倡导共享发展理念和提出构建人类命运共同体的中国方案体现了当代中华民族对中国共享伦理思想传统的当代实践。Traditional Chinese ethics has a distinctive feature of sharing. The background of Confucian ethics is humanism, and its core is the ethics of sharing. This ethics is an ethical value system constituted with the just sharing of social resources as the core ethical value orientation and the highest virtue. The Confucian pursuit of sharing ethics is to affirm the equality of human personality as the ethical foundation, relying on the realization of the virtues of human benevolence;its value goal is to achieve distribution justice and social harmony. The underlying theory of Taoist ethics is naturalism, and its core is also the sharing ethics. It adopts the "Tao of Heaven" as the ethical foundation to promote shared ethics by "taking from the surplus to support those in need", and implements the sharing ethics based on the virtue of "good for all things without fighting". The value goal is a naturally beautiful life. Buddhist ethics is expressed through supernaturalism theory. It uses the compassionate bodhisattva heart as the ethical foundation to promote the sharing ethics, and relies on "giving" to implement this ethics;its value goal is to ascent to the highest level of the Buddha. In the sharing ethical ideology system of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, "sharing" is in line with "humanity", or in line with "the way of heaven", or in line with "the way of Buddhism". It is not only an ethical principle that mankind should universally abide by, but also a virtue that mankind should share in common. Advocating the concept of shared development and proposing a Chinese plan for building a community with a shared future for mankind embodies the contemporary practice of the contemporary Chinese nation in carrying forward the tradition of sharing ethics.

关 键 词：共享伦理 忠恕之道 天道 乐善好施 

分 类 号：B82-09[哲学宗教—伦理学]