康德的伦理学其实很烂——《道德形而上学原理》批判  

Kant’s Ethics is Terribly Poor:A Critique of Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals

作　　者：韩东屏[1] HAN Dongping(Dept.of Philosophy,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学系,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期1-15,共15页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition）

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(HUST2020-0009)。

摘　　要：康德的伦理学在学界广受推崇,但其实很烂。因为以他的伦理学奠基之作《道德形而上学原理》来看,存在的错误甚多,而且其中很多属于基本性的大错误。这些错误,可从方法与观点两个维度揭露。方法方面,其基本研究方法即形而上学徒有虚名,也不能成立和实际运用,同时还存在许多具体方法的错误;观点方面,其系列观点,包括初始观点、基本观点和最终结论,几乎都是错误的,并且这些错误的观点之间还存在相互不自洽的情况。因此,此书有直接价值的地方甚少,想找到“道德最高原则”的初衷也没实现。何以至此?主要是康德在事物自身问题、人性问题、道德问题和至善问题上存在重大认知迷误。而“人本伦理学”理论则没有这些弊端,也找到了能经得起推敲的至善与道德最高原则。Kant’s ethics is widely respected in the academic circles,but in fact it is terribly poor,because there are many errors in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals,which is the foundational work of his ethics,some of which are bigfundamental errors.These errors can be revealed from two perspectives of methods and views.In the perspective of methods,this work’s general research method,namely its metaphysics,is but a name,and cannot be applied in practice;there are also many errors in its specific methods.In the perspective of views,a series of views it gives,including its initial views,basic views,and final conclusions,are almost all wrong,and there exist some inconsistencies among these wrong views.Therefore,this work has not realized Kant’s original aim,which is to find“the highest moral principle”,and has little direct value.The main reason of Kant’s failure is that Kant has great cognitive errors in the problems of things in themselves,human nature,morals,and the supreme good.The author’s theory of“humanistic ethics”does not have these drawbacks,but also finds the highest principle of goodness and morality that can withstand scrutiny.

关 键 词：康德 伦理学 道德形而上学 《道德形而上学原理》 《人本伦理学》 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]