乌克兰的中小学教育改革及其面临的主要问题  

On the Education Reforms in Primary and Middle Schools and its Problems in Ukraine

作　　者：吴世红[1] WU Shihong

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学伏加尔-第聂伯两江流域研究中心,芜湖241002

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2020年第5期27-39,共13页Journal of Comparative Education

摘　　要：为了加入欧盟,同时也为了更好地培养具有竞争力人才,2014年广场革命之后,乌克兰开始了实质性的中等教育改革,相继启动了以“乌克兰新中学计划”“中心学校计划”以及少数民族中小学国语推广计划为主要内容的中小学教育改革,同时还出台了《教育法》《关于确保乌克兰语国语地位作用法》和《完整普通中等教育法》等政策,以此来为改革提供法律保障。本文对改革措施出台的背景、主要内容以及法律文件进行了梳理和介绍,以此为基础,探讨了改革面临的主要问题。笔者将这些问题归结为两大类,即教改问题和非教改问题;并认为,非教改问题,尤其是其中的语言政治问题能否成功解决对改革会造成很大影响。In order to obtai full membership in the EU and training of highly qualified personnel for future, the Ukrainian government started a substantial education reforms after the Euromaidan in 2014: the New Ukrainian School, the Pivotal School and the Transition Issues of minority primary and middle schools. To support the reforms, the Government formulated reform policies one after another, such as the Education Law 2017, the Law on ensuring the function of the Ukrainian language as the state language 2019 and the Law on complete general secondary education 2020. Briefly reviewing the background of the educational policy formulation, this article introduces the main contents of education reform measures and the education reform policies. Set foot on the above facts, the article discusses the main problems in the education reforms. These problems are divided into two categories based on whether the problems are directly related to the reforms(reform problems and non-reform problems). The author believes, that the non-reform problems, especially policies on languages, play a more important roles in leading to the success of the entire educational reforms.

关 键 词：乌克兰 中小学教育改革 民族语言政策 

分 类 号：G632.0[文化科学—教育学]