交通可达性与城市经济活动的空间特征分析:以北京市为例  

Spatial Characteristics Analysis of Traffic Accessibility and City Economic Activity: A Case Study of Beijing

作　　者：朱宇婷[1,2,3] 刘莹 许奇 郭继孚[2] 程颖 ZHU Yu-ting;LIU Ying;XU Qi;GUO Ji-fu;CHEN Ying(School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Transport Institute,Beijing 100073,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Transport Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction,Beijing 100073,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通发展研究院,北京100073 [3]城市交通节能减排检测与评估北京市重点实验室,北京100073

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2020年第5期226-233,共8页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2019JBM034);国家自然科学基金(71621001,71971021)。

摘　　要：借助开源大数据平台,提出交通可达性及城市经济活动数据采集策略,利用全局常参数和局部变参数回归模型研究北京市六环区域内两者的空间特征.相比于全局模型,局部模型能够较好地刻画交通可达性与城市经济活动间的空间异质性特征.结果表明,私人交通可达性呈现以天安门为中心径向递减的多圈层结构,公共交通呈现轨道交通沿线区域高的特点.交通可达性与经济活动匹配度具有空间非平稳性,空间分离和匹配现象并存.西北部、中部区域空间匹配特征显著,东北部、东部区域次之,西南区域空间分离现象最为严重.丰台及良乡等分离区域,宜重视道路及轨道线网等基础设施建设工作;未来科学城等私人交通匹配,公共交通分离的区域,可考虑修建轨道线路,并增加公交运营服务水平;中关村科学城、北京经济技术开发区等匹配区域,以调整交通运营管理政策为主.With the data collection from open data websites, global regression models with constant parameters and a local regression model with variable parameters were employed to analyze spatial characteristics between traffic accessibility and urban economic activities in the sixth-ring area of Beijing. The local regression model performs better than global regression models because of the significant spatial heterogeneity between traffic accessibility and urban economic activities. Results show that private traffic accessibility exhibits a multi-ring structure with diminishing from the center(Tian An Men Square) to the edge of the study area. And public traffic accessibility is more extensive along the rail transit lines. The spatial separation and matching phenomena between traffic accessibility and urban economic activities are coexisting. A high spatial matching appears in northwest and central regions. A sub-matching appears in the northeast and eastern regions, where assignificant separation appears in the southwest region. For spatial separation areas(e.g., Fengtai and Liangxiang), infrastructure development including road and rail lines should be paid more attention. For areas with the matching of private traffic accessibility but the separation of public traffic accessibility(e.g., Future Science City), the construction of rail lines and operation of buses should be considered. For spatial matching area(such as Zhongguancun Science City and Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area), the optimization policy for traffic management should be taken into account.

关 键 词：城市交通 交通可达性 城市经济活动 地理加权回归模型 空间特征 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]