吠檀多哲学在印度文化中的地位与影响  

Standing and Influence of Vedanta Philosophy in Indian Culture

作　　者：朱明忠[1] ZHU Mingzhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2020年第5期124-137,157,158,共16页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：吠檀多哲学(亦称吠檀多论),是印度教六大哲学派别中最重要的一支。它发源于古代奥义书,形成于公元1世纪,经过近2000年的发展,一直延续至今。吠檀多论在印度文化中的地位如同中国文化中的儒家思想(孔孟之道),对印度文化产生了深刻而久远的影响。自8世纪以后,以商羯罗和罗摩努阇为代表的两个吠檀多哲学体系占据了印度意识形态的主导地位,对古代思想产生了重要影响。近现代新吠檀多哲学融会了东西方思想,调和了宗教与科学的关系,同时与政治相结合。由于新吠檀多论大量吸收了西方现代科学知识、人道主义、自由平等、人权等观念,使得印度文化中原有的宗教倾向和神秘主义因素逐渐减弱,世俗主义思想、理性主义因素和哲学为现实社会服务的功能大大增强,从而促进了印度文化的现代化。Vedanta philosophy or Vedanta-vada is one of the most important branch of the six schools of Hindu philosophy.It originated in ancient Upanisads and took shape in the 1st century AD,has developed for nearly two thousand years,and remains influential up to now.The standing of the Vedanta philosophy in Indian culture is like that of the Confucianism or Ruism in Chinese culture,and it has exerted profound and far-reaching influence upon Indian civilization.After the 8th century,two systems of the Vedanta philosophy represented respectively by Sankara and Ramanuja held sway in Indian ideology,and was vitally influential upon Indian thinking ever since.The New Vedanta has merged the thinking of the East and West together;has tried to reconcile religion and science;has combined both philosophy and politics;and has absorbed a large quantity of humanitarian thinking.While absorbing plentiful of modern science,humanitairianism,the notions of liberty,equality and human rights from the West,the New Vedanta has gradually weakened the original religious tendency and factors of mysticism in Indian culture,and therefore functions to strengthen secularist thinking,rationalist factors,and the service of philosophy to present society,thus promoting the modernization of Indian culture.

关 键 词：印度文化 吠檀多 奥义书 商羯罗 新吠檀多论 现代化 

分 类 号：B351[哲学宗教—外国哲学]