汉英方位词静态空间语义类型研究  

A Semantic Typology of Static Spatial Relations in Chinese and English Spatial Words

作　　者：黄洁[1] Huang Jie(Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学,武汉430074

出　　处：《外语学刊》2020年第5期15-21,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“语义类型学视角下的英汉方位词空间语义认知研究”(16BYY192)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文采用从形式到意义的研究范式,以汉语语料库BCC和英语语料库COCA为语料来源,分析汉英方位词"上"和on等的空间义,对比汉英静态空间语义的类型共性和差异。研究表明,汉英方位词的空间义体现汉一英多、汉有英无、英有汉无的特点,Bowerman和Choi(2001)的跨语言分类不能反映汉英空间语义类型差异。"上"和on空间语义差异体现在是否细化附着效果和附着方式,这种差异是凸显同一空间关系不同特征的结果,体现识解的详略度差异。在静态空间关系的语言表征方面,汉语是动词凸显型语言,方位词的功能是表征空间关系的关联性;英语是小品词凸显型语言,方位词的功能是凸显空间关系的细节特征。How do speakers of different languages describe various static spatial relations?Following the form-to-meaning paradigm,thepresent study analyzes the spatial meanings of"shang"in Chinese and its equivalents in English,such as"on",and discussestheir typological similarities and differences,with data from the Chinese Corpus BCC and the English Corpus COCA.It is conclu-ded that(1)there are one-to-many overlappings,usages in Chinese only,and usages in English only,with regard to the spatialmeanings of Chinese and English spatial words,which are not revealed in Bowerman and Choi’s(2001)crosslinguistic ca-tegorization of spatial relations;(2)the difference between"shang"and"on"in whether the effect and manner of attachmentare specified stems from profiling different attributes of the same spatial relation,as a manifestation of difference in degree of con-strual specificity;and(3)Chinese is a verb-prominent language in which spatial words only indicate spatial relatedness,whereasEnglish is a particle-prominent language in which spatial words profile specific features of spatial relations,with respect to lin-guistic expressions of static spatial relations.

关 键 词：方位词 静态空间关系 识解 语义类型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]