上古汉语“独不+VP+乎/邪/与”构式研究  

A Study on the Construction of“Dubu+VP+hu/ye/yu(独不+VP+乎/邪/与)”in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：禹雅洁 Yu Yajie(College of Literature,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《现代语文》2020年第7期4-7,共4页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：“独”在春秋末期就已经由动词语法化为反诘语气副词,这为“独不+VP+乎/邪/与”构式的形成奠定了基础。这一格式最早出现于战国时期。“独不+VP+乎/邪/与”是由反诘语气副词“独”+否定副词“不”构成的、以听话人为话题焦点的反诘构式,符合人际修辞的礼貌原则。它不仅能够维护语言交际双方的面子,也能表现出说话人对听话人的诘责、鞭策或劝告。由于语言发展遵循简约原则,加之由专职反诘副词构成的“岂不+VP+乎”成为主要反诘构式,“独不+VP+乎/邪/与”构式便逐渐退出了话语体系。“Du(独)”has changed from verb grammaticalization to rhetorical modal adverb in the late spring and Autumn period,which lays the foundation for the formation of“dubu+VP+hu/ye/yu(独不+VP+乎/邪/与)”.This format first appeared in the Warring States period.“Dubu+VP+hu/ye/y(u独不+VP+乎/邪/与)”is a rhetorical construction composed of the rhetorical modal adverb“d(u独)”+the negative adverb“bu(不)”,which takes the hearer as the focus of the topic.It conforms to the politeness principle of interpersonal rhetoric.It can not only maintain the face of both parties in language communication,but also show the speaker's heckling,urging or advising the hearer.Since language development follows the principle of simplicity,and the main rhetorical construction of“qibu+VP+hu(岂不+VP+乎)”,which is composed of professional rhetorical adverbs,the construction of“dubu+VP+hu/ye/yu(独不+VP+乎/邪/与)”withdraws from the discourse system.

关 键 词：“独不+VP+乎/邪/与” 构式 预设 焦点 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]