“仁者以天地万物为一体”何以可能——论王阳明的环境美德伦理思想  

How Can It Be Possible for“All in One”:On Wang Yang‑ming's Environmental Virtue Ethics

作　　者：李史如 Li Shiru(Marxism Institute,East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期39-48,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：儒家学说中蕴含着丰富的环境美德伦理思想,明儒王阳明的“万物一体”学说就是其中之一。“仁者以天地万物为一体”的本质不是“感同身受”,也不是“移情”,而是生之性的体现。“生”即存在,生之性即存在本性,“生之性便是仁”。首先,仁即存在本性,万物皆有。天地间的自然万物都是一种存在,存在于天地间的自然万物中皆蕴藏着存在本性。人与自然万物因这相同的本性而没有隔阂,相互依存,连接为有机整体,这是“仁者”能够“以天地万物为一体”的根本前提。其次,仁即感知能力。这一感知能力使得仁者能够体认万物之中的存在本性,对万物存在本性有所感知而产生“一体感”,这是“仁者”能够“以天地万物为一体”的必要条件。最后,仁表现为爱的情感。这份爱的情感使得仁者能够主动去呵护万物中的存在本性,将自然万物看作自己身体般去关照与爱惜,这是“仁者”能够“以天地万物为一体”的重要保证。正是存在本性、感知能力以及爱的情感这三重因素的共同作用,使得“仁者以天地万物为一体”得以可能,自然万物也因此得以和谐共生,绵延不绝。Confucianism contains rich ethical thoughts of environmental virtues,and Wang Yang‑ming's theory of“All in One”is one of them.The essence of“All in One”is not“empathy”,nor“placing oneself in another's position”,but the embodiment of the nature of sheng.“Sheng”means existence.The nature of sheng is the nature of existence.“The nature of sheng is benevolence”.First of all,benevolence is the nature of existence that all beings have.Everything in the nature is a kind of existence and the nature of existence lies in everything that exists in the nature.It is because of the common character that there is no estrangement between man and nature,but rather,they are interdependent and connected as an organic whole,which is the fundamental premise that the benevolent can take all things as one.Secondly,benevolence involves the ability of perception.The ability of perception enables the benevolent to recognize the nature of existence that all things have and to produce a sense of unity,which is the necessary condition for the benevolent to take all things as one.Finally,benevolence is expressed in the emotion of love,which enables the benevolent to take the initiative to take care of the nature of existence that all things have and cherish the nature as their own bodies.The emotion of love is an important guarantee that the benevolent can take all things as one.To sum up,it is the combination of the three factors,nature of existence,perception ability and emotion of love,that makes“All in One”possible,and all beings in nature can coexist in harmony and multiply in an endless succession.

关 键 词：环境美德伦理 儒家 “生” 王阳明 万物一体 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]