秋季不同时期上市中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质比较  

A comparative study of edible yield and quality in adult Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)in different periods of autumn

作　　者：王世会[1,2] 成永旭 石连玉[1] 赵金山[4] 叶露青 WANG Shihui;CHENG Yongxu;SHI Lianyu;ZHAO Jinshan;YE Luqing(Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Dongying Huize Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257503,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [4]东营市惠泽农业科技有限公司,山东东营257503

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第10期1196-1209,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-48);农业农村部渔业渔政管理局项目(171921301092371010);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY202008Q);黄河三角洲产业领军人才项目。

摘　　要：为全面了解中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食率和品质差异,对秋季不同时期上市的中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质进行了比较。在种植了伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)的池塘中,按照生态健康养殖的方法,养殖中华绒螯蟹扣蟹至成蟹。采用解剖和生化组成分析等方法探究秋季不同时期中华绒螯蟹的可食率、常规营养成分、脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成及其含量。结果表明:(1)不论是雌体还是雄体,9月和10月肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)和肥满度(CF)则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。仅HSI指标9月高于10月,其余指标均是10月较高。(2)9月和10月常规营养成分无显著差异项(P>0.05)较多,但雌体肝胰腺中水分、总脂,性腺中总脂,肌肉中水分和粗蛋白含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05);雄体性腺中粗蛋白、总脂、灰分,肌肉中总脂含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)9月和10月成蟹肝胰腺中仅1种脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),占比为1/52,其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);性腺中仅2种脂肪酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为2/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05);肌肉中11种脂肪酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为11/52,其余均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)9月和10月成蟹性腺中1种游离氨基酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为1/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05);肌肉中仅雄体牛磺酸(Tau)、丙氨酸(Ala)和亮氨酸(Leu)差异显著(P<0.05),占比为3/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹10月GSI、MY、TEY和CF高于9月,常规营养成分存在一定差异,性腺中脂肪酸和游离氨基酸含量差异较小,而肌肉中脂肪酸含量差异较大。整体上10月中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质要优于9月。Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis,is an important aquaculture species in China.Large amounts of adult E.sinensis appear in the market in autumn,but the prices are much higher before the National Day(Oct.1 st).To promote rational consumption and comprehensively evaluate the edible yield and quality of E.sinensis,this study used a pond-rearing experiment(planted with Elodea nuttallii)to obtain adult E.sinensis according to the ecological and healthy culture methods.Dissection and biochemical composition analyses were conducted to systematically explore the edible yield,proximate composition,and fatty acid and free amino acid contents of adult E.sinensis tissues.Regardless of gender,the hepatosomatic index(HSI)and gonadosomatic index(GSI)differed significantly between September and October(P<0.05),but there were no differences in meat yield(MY),total edible yield(TEY),or condition factor(CF)(P>0.05).The HSI value was higher in September than in October,and the values of the other indicators were higher in October.No significant different parameters(P>0.05)were obviously observed in proximate composition between September and October,but the moisture and lipids in the hepatopancreas,lipids in the gonads,and moisture and proteins in the muscles of females differed significantly(P<0.05).Proteins,lipids,and ash in the gonads and lipids in the muscles of males were also significantly different(P<0.05).As for fatty acid,one fatty acid in the hepatopancreas of adult E.sinensis differed between September and October(P<0.05),two fatty acids in the gonads differed between September and October(P<0.05),and eleven fatty acids in the muscles differed between September and October(P<0.05).As for free amino acid,only one amino acid in the gonads of adult E.sinensis differed between September and October(P<0.05),and three amino acids(Tau,Ala,Leu)differed in the male muscles(P<0.05).In summary,the GSI,MY,TEY,and CF values of adult E.sinensis were higher in October than in September,and there were some differences in proximate c

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 可食率 品质 脂肪酸 游离氨基酸 营养成分 秋季 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]