长柄扁桃仁及其水酶法油脂的品质研究  

Quality of Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel and Its Oil from Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction

作　　者：郭咪咪 李秀娟 栾霞 Guo Mimi;Li Xiujuan;Luan Xia(Institute of Grain&Oil Processing Science and Technology,Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 102209)

机构地区：[1]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮油加工研究所,北京102209

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2020年第10期111-116,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：863计划(2013AA102104);2015年公益性行业(粮食)科研专项(201513003-7)。

摘　　要：研究了新油料资源长柄扁桃仁的主要成分,同时采用水酶法提油技术提取长柄扁桃仁油脂,并对该油脂特性进行了分析。结果表明,长柄扁桃仁中粗脂肪质量分数44.10%,粗蛋白质量分数24.70%。仁中氨基酸种类齐全,属于完全蛋白,其中鲜味氨基酸质量分数最高,达72.50 mg/g,占味觉氨基酸质量分数的29.95%。鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)和门冬氨酸(Asp)、甜味氨基酸甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)和丙氨酸(Ala)、芳香氨基酸苯丙氨酸(Phe)含量相对较高,占总氨基酸质量分数的55.50%,为长柄扁桃仁增添了良好风味。在水酶法提油工艺参数料液比1∶4(g/mL),酶解温度60℃,酶添加量2%,酶解pH8.5时,长柄扁桃仁总出油率为39.51%,萃取率达89.59%,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达97.4%,油酸和亚油酸质量分数分别高达66.6%和29.6%,油中活性物质生育酚含量为989.3 mg/kg,这些数据的分析为长柄扁桃籽资源多方位的开发利用提供参考。The main components of new oil resource about Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel and the qualities of its oil from aqueous enzymatic extraction process were studied.The results indicated that,the contents of crude protein and oil from Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel were 24.70%and 44.10%,respectively.Variety of amino acids were contained in the kernels,which were complete proteins,meanwhile,the content of umami amino acid was the highest(72.50 mg/g),accounting for 29.95%of the taste amino acid content.The contents of the glutamic acid(Glu)and aspartic acid(Asp)from umami amino acid,the glycine(Gly),proline(Pro)and alanine(Ala)from sweet amino acid,the phenylalanine(Phe)from aromatic amino acid were relatively higher,accounting for 55.50%of the total amino acid content,which would be benefit to the good flavors of Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel.By aqueous enzymatic extraction process,the total oil yield was 39.51%,when the kernel were incubated with 1∶4(g/mL)of the solid/liquid ratio,2%of enzymes,at 60℃and pH 8.5,while the extraction rate could be up to 89.59%.The unsaturated acid of Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel oil was 97.4%,while the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were as high as 66.6%and 29.6%,respectively,the content of tocopherol from Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel oil was 989.3 mg/kg,which would provide a reference for the development and utilization of Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall Kernel resources.

关 键 词：长柄扁桃仁 氨基酸 水酶法 油脂 利用 

分 类 号：TS224[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]