医学生自我调节定向与抑郁焦虑症状和自杀风险之间的关系  

Relationship among self-regulatory focus with depression,anxiety symptoms and suicidal risks

作　　者：杨雪岭[1,2] 杨彩燕 陈佩儀 孙熙原 王优 YANG Xueling;YANG Caiyan;CHEN Peiyi;SUN Xiyuan;WANG You(Department of Psychology,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院心理学系,广东广州510515 [2]南方医科大学珠江医院精神心理科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第9期1354-1357,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31800928);广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A0303130044);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(17YJCZH219)。

摘　　要：目的探讨医学生自我调节定向与抑郁焦虑症状和自杀风险之间的关系,为提高医学生心理健康水平和预防自杀提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,抽取某医科大学的新生2 251名,采用调节定向问卷(Regulatory Focus Questionnaire,RFQ)、贝克抑郁量表(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)、贝克焦虑量表(Beck Anxiety Inventory,BAI)、贝克绝望量表(Beck Hopelessness Scale,BHS)、心理痛苦量表(Psychache Scale,PAS)和自杀行为问卷(Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised,SBQ)进行横断面调查。结果大学新生的抑郁症状检出率高达20.4%,焦虑症状检出率为11.2%,有抑郁-焦虑共病症状的大学生自杀风险增高5.85倍。女生比男生的预防定向得分更高,焦虑症状和自杀风险也更高(t值分别为4.84,2.18,5.57,P值均<0.05)。以预防定向为主要调节风格的大学生在抑郁焦虑症状和自杀风险得分上均高于以促进定向为主要调节风格者,且差异的效应量为中等以上(Cohen’s d值均>0.50)。结论自我调节定向对情绪健康具有重要影响。追求促进目标有利于情绪健康,追求预防目标则更有可能与抑郁焦虑情绪和更高的自杀风险相关。Objective To explore the relationship among self-regulatory focus and depression,anxiety symptoms and suicidal risks of medical college students.Methods A total of 2 251 freshmen were recruited from a medical university by convenienee sampling methood.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey using Regulatory Focus Questionnaire( RFQ),Beck Depression Inventory( BDI),Beck Anxiety Inventory( BAI),Beck Hopelessness Scale( BHS),Psychache Scale( PAS),and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised( SBQ-R) was conducted.Results The prevalence rate of freshmen’s depression symptoms was as high as20.4%,the prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms was 11.2%,and the risk of suicide increased by 5.85 times among students with depression-anxiety comorbid symptoms.Girls reported higher prevention focused scores than boys,as well as higher anxiety symptoms and suicidal risks( t = 4.84,2.18,5.57,P< 0.05).College students with a prevention focused self-regulation style had significantly higher scores on depression,anxiety symptoms and suicidal risks than those with a promotion focused regulatory style,the effect sizes of the differences were moderate or large( Cohen’s d>0.50).Conclusion Self-regulatory focus plays an important role in emotional health.The pursuit of promotion goals is beneficial to mental health,while the pursuit of prevention goals is more likely to be associated with depression,anxiety symptoms and a higher risk of suicide.

关 键 词：抑郁 学生 医科 焦虑 自杀 精神卫生 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] G444[哲学宗教—心理学]