黑豆的本草考证  

Textual research on Sojae Semen Nigrum

作　　者：林王敏 翁倩倩 邓爱平 赵佳琛 金艳 张悦 张水利[1] 俞冰[1] 詹志来 黄璐琦[2] LIN Wang-min;WENG Qian-qian;DENG Ai-ping;ZHAO Jia-chen;JIN Yan;ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Shui-li;YU Bing;ZHAN Zhi-lai;HUANG Lu-qi(Department of Pharmacy,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Academician Workstation of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学药学院,浙江杭州310053 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室,北京100700 [3]江西中医药大学院士工作站,江西南昌330004 [4]广东药科大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [5]河南中医药大学,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第18期4519-4527,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401,2017YFC1700805);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-091)。

摘　　要：该文通过对药材黑豆的名称、基原、产地进行考证,为黑豆的入药品种的选择提供依据。通过古今文献考证和植物学比较研究,结合农业考古相关资料和混淆品排查进行本草考证研究。秦以前黑豆尚未被选育出来,食用黑豆应仅为野大豆Glycine soja;秦到南北朝栽培黑豆G.max被选育出来,然入药黑豆为野大豆G.soja;唐以后各类本草对黑豆记载较多,入药黑豆包括野大豆G.soja、栽培黑豆G.max及半野生大豆G.gracilis,近现代药用黑豆为栽培黑豆G.max及半野生大豆G.gracilis,野生者G.soja较少使用。黑豆采收时间为八九月份,其炮制方法众多,主要为为炒制、作腐、作豉、煮汁、加辅料煎、发芽法等。历代对黑豆的品质评价较为一致,认为"紧小者为佳",唐以前品质优者应仅为野大豆G.soja,清以后为绿色子叶、小粒的栽培黑豆G.max,现代用药推荐使用绿色子叶品种。此外,药用黑豆品种较多,希冀中药科研者能借助现代科学技术对绿、黄子叶黑豆成分功效做出区分,对大、小黑豆入药做出对比,为黑豆药用品种的选择提供科学依据。In this paper,the name,origin and producing area of Sojae Semen Nigrum were studied to provide the basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum.The textual research of this herbal was carried out through the textual research of ancient and modern literature and the comparative study of botany,combined with agricultural archaeology and the investigation of adulterant products.Before Qin Dynasty,the Sojae Semen Nigrums had not been selected,and the edible beans should only be Glycine soja.From Qin to the Northern and Southern dynasties,the Sojae Semen Nigrums G.max were selected,but the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrum was G.soja.After Tang Dynasty,Sojae Semen Nigrums were recorded more,the medicinal Sojae Semen Nigrums referred to G.soja,G.max and G.gracilis.In modern times,G.soja was hardly to use as the medicine.The harvest time is August or September,and there are many processing methods,such as frying,making tofu,making Semen Sojae Praeparatum,boiling,boiling with auxiliary materials,germination,etc.The quality evaluation of Sojae Semen Nigrum was consistent in past dynasties,and it was considered that"it is better for those who are tight and small".Before Tang Dynasty,the better should only be G.soja.After the Qing Dynasty,the better should be green cotyledon varieties of G.max,which are recommended.In addition,there are many varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum.It is hoped that that the scientific researchers of traditional Chinese medicine can use modern technology to distinguish the efficacy of Sojae Semen Nigrum with green and yellow cotyledon,and make a comparison between large and small Sojae Semen Nigrum.The results provide scientific basis for the selection of medicinal varieties of Sojae Semen Nigrum.

关 键 词：黑豆 穞豆 黑芸豆 本草考证 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]