淡水生态系统对全球变化的响应:研究进展与展望  

Responses of freshwater ecosystems to global change:research progress and outlook

作　　者：邢鹏[1] 李彪 韩一萱 顾秋锦 万洪秀 XING Peng;LI Biao;HAN Yi-Xuan;GU Qiu-Jin;WAN Hong-Xiu(State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography&Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2020年第5期565-574,共10页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31722008和91751111);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2014273)。

摘　　要：全球变化已经通过提高水温、改变降水格局和水流状况、促进物种入侵、增加极端事件,对不同的淡水生态系统造成严重的威胁。该文将全球变化背景下淡水生态学的主要研究内容归纳为:(1)全球变化各要素对个体、种群、群落及至生态系统水平的影响;(2)全球变化过程中生态系统生物地球化学循环的改变;(3)淡水生态系统对全球变化的适应对策。最近10–15年淡水生态系统与全球变化研究快速发展,取得的重要突破有:(1)阐明淡水生态系统结构与功能对全球气候变化尤其是水温升高的响应过程与机制;(2)揭示淡水生态系统(湿地、湖泊、河流等)是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,在全球变化因素的影响下呈现有机碳埋藏减少和矿化速率提高。今后的研究中,需要进一步加强对淡水生态系统全要素的系统观测与整合;开展以"河流"为介质耦合多系统的碳输运和转化过程研究;强化基础理论研究揭示淡水生态系统对全球变化的适应机制。Global change has already posed a serious threat to different freshwater ecosystems by raising water temperatures,changing precipitation patterns and water flow conditions,enhancing species invasion,and increasing extreme events.In order to identify the major works carried out and highlights of the outcomes of research in freshwater ecology in the context of global change,we conducted literature search and analysis of papers published during 1900–2018 via Web of Science.In this review,the major researches in freshwater ecology in the context of global change are categorized into:(1)the effects of various global change factors on individuals,populations,communities and ecosystems;(2)changes in biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems in the process of global change;and(3)adaptation strategies of freshwater ecosystems to global changes.Over the past 10–15 years,research in freshwater ecosystems and global change progressed rapidly and showed breakthroughs in the following aspects:(1)elucidated the response processes and mechanisms of the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems to global climate change,in particular rising water temperatures;(2)revealed that freshwater ecosystems(wetlands,lakes,rivers,etc.)are important components of the global carbon cycle,such that under the influence of global change factors organic carbon burial decreased and mineralization rate increased.In future research,it is necessary to strengthen the systematic observations and integration of the total elements of freshwater ecosystems,to conduct research on carbon transport and transformation processes mediated by the river-connected multi-systems,and to strengthen basic theoretical research for uncovering the adaptation mechanisms of freshwater ecosystems to global change.

关 键 词：淡水生态系统 全球变化 水温升高 碳循环 河流 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]