斯多葛学派与墨家社会思想比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Stoic and Mohist Social Thoughts

作　　者：孟天运 MENG Tian-yun

机构地区：[1]青岛大学政治与公共管理学院,青岛266000

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2020年第6期214-221,236,共9页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(13ASH002)。

摘　　要：在轴心时代,东西方思想家面对不同文明但相似的历史发展阶段和社会问题,都提出了自己的主张和学说。古希腊的斯多葛学派与东方的墨家学派,在历史年代上同属中国的战国时期,所处的社会历史发展阶段也大致相同,其社会思想有许多共通可比之处,尤其在对于劳动的价值和态度、人与社会的关系、社会中存在的不平等、世界主义与"尚同"理念、社会与自然等方面,都进行了理论探讨,提出了创新性的思想。但由于双方文化传统不同,所处社会环境不同,在这些问题的认识和论说上也有明显差别,主要是斯多葛学派注重自然、理性和个人的道德修养,而墨家则注重对社会的参与和改造。这些不同的主张和学说,为解决相似社会环境下的社会问题,提供了不同的视角和应对思路。In the Axial Age,both Eastern and Western thinkers put forward their own propositions and doctrines as they were in similar historical development stages and were faced with similar social problems in spite of the different civilizations.The Stoicism of Ancient Greece and the Mohism of the East were both in the Warring States Period of China,and the stages of social and historical development were roughly the same.Therefore,there are similarity and comparability in their social thoughts.For instance,the two schools both discussed such issues as the value and attitude of labor,the relationship between man and society,social inequality,cosmopolitan and unified ideas,society and nature,etc and put forward innovative ideas.However,due to their different cultural traditions and social contexts,there are also obvious differences in their understanding and discussion of these issues.It is mainly reflected in the fact that the Stoicism attaches importance to nature,rationality and personal moral cultivation while the Mohism focuses on the participation and transformation of society.These different propositions and doctrines provided different perspectives and countermeasures for solving social problems in similar social environments.

关 键 词：斯多葛学派 墨家学派 轴心时代 社会思想 芝诺 墨子 

分 类 号：B502.32[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B224