皮肤活组织检查在神经系统疾病诊断中的应用  

Application of skin biopsy in neurological disorders

作　　者：曹煜雯 曹立[1] 栾兴华[1] Cao Yuwen;Cao Li;Luan Xinghua(Department of Neurology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院神经内科,200025

出　　处：《中华神经科杂志》2020年第10期839-844,共6页Chinese Journal of Neurology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1310200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(81870889);上海交通大学“医工交叉研究基金”项目(YG2016MS64)。

摘　　要：皮肤组织结构丰富,通过皮肤活组织检查可以在表皮层、真皮层和皮下组织不同的层次中,对神经、血管和汗腺等结构进行形态观察。近年来随着免疫组织化学和电镜技术的发展,我们对上述结构的观察更加精细,一些周围神经系统及中枢神经系统疾病在皮肤组织中的特征性病理改变也逐渐被发现。本文就不同神经系统疾病在光镜和电镜下皮肤病理表现作简要综述,以提高神经内科医生对皮肤病理的认识,促进皮肤活组织检查在临床诊断中的应用。The skin is the largest organ comprised of three main layers:epidermis,dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Characteristic microscopic and ultrastructural alterations are present in certain skin structures,such as nerve fibers,blood vessels and sweat glands,not only in vasculitis,but in several other metabolic neurologic diseases.In recent years,advances in immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy have made these dermatopathological changes identifiable and clear-cut.It was then recognized that such pathological feature could be present in many tissues in addition to those nerve systems clinically affected.Skin biopsy has become a recognized diagnostic procedure for peripheral neuropathy and central nervous system diseases.This article reviews the dermatopathology in neurological disorders under light and electron microscope to promote application of skin biopsy in clinical diagnosis for neurologist.

关 键 词：皮肤 活组织检查 病理学 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R741.04[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]