留级促进了教育结果公平吗?——基于PISA2018中国样本数据  

Does Grade Repetition Promote Educational Outcomes Equity?--Based on the Data of PISA2018 China

作　　者：吴贤华 张和平 Wu Xianhua;Zhang Heping(Hubei University of Education,Wuhan 430205)

机构地区：[1]湖北第二师范学院教育科学学院,武汉430205 [2]湖北第二师范学院学生成长协同研究中心

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2020年第6期42-52,共11页forum on contemporary education

摘　　要：留级作为一种教育管理手段,其利弊得失是教师、学生与家长关注的问题。留级既是先前失败的结果,又可能是后续失败的预测因素。留级对学业后果变量影响是复杂的,既存在作用方向上的不一致,又存在作用时效上的不一致。由于教师、学生与家长的关注点不同,而国内已有研究小样本数据或思辨性立场,且义务教育下留级并非优先选项,因此进一步深入研究留级所带来的教育公平问题,有更强的现实意义。为了探讨留级经历对学业成绩的影响,研究利用PISA2018中国样本数据,采用倾向得分匹配分解出留级经历对学业成绩的“净”影响。研究发现,样本选择偏差、家庭背景与性别、转学经历等个体特征变量被控制后,留级经历阻碍了学生学业发展,分别降低了阅读、数学与科学成绩的11.06%,8.17%与9.99%。研究采用独立样本t检验比较了中小学阶段留级经历对学业成绩影响是否存在差异,发现小学阶段留级对阅读成绩的负面影响大于中学阶段,小学阶段留级对数学成绩与科学成绩的负面影响小于中学阶段;小学阶段与中学阶段留级对阅读成绩、数学成绩与科学成绩差距分别为19.50%.24.97%与16.72%;留级对学业成绩存在着长期负面效应,中学阶段留级对阅读成绩的负面影响相对很大,但对数学成绩与科学成绩的负面影响则更严重些。The advantages and disadvantages of grade repetition are concerned by teachers,students and parents as a means of educational management.Grade repetition is not only the result of previous failures,but also the predictor of subsequent failures.The influence of grade repetition on academic outcome variables is complex,the direction of influences of grade repetition on academic performance is different,time effect of grade repetition on academic performance is also different.Considering the different concerns by teachers,students and parents,small sample data or speculative position by researchers at home,and grade repetition is not a priority option in compulsory education,it is more practical significance to further study the educational equity problems brought about by grade repetition.In order to explore the influence of grade repetition on academic performance,the"net"influence of grade repetition on academic performance were obtained by using propensity score matching of pisa 2018 Chinese sample data.The results showed that,after controlling the sample selective bias,family background,gender and experience of transferring to another school,the students with grade repetition achieved the lower level of students'academic development,reducing 11.06%,8.17%and 9.99%of reading,mathematics and science scores respectively.The independent sample t-test was used to distinguish the difference impact of grade repetition on academic performance between in primary and secondary schools.The students with grade repetition in primary schools had more negative effect on reading performance than that in middle school.The students with grade repetition in primary schools had less negative effect on mathematics and science performance than that in middle school.The gaps of academic performance between primary school and middle school were 19.50%in reading,24.97%in mathematics and 16.72%in science,respectively.Grade repetition has a long-term negative effect on academic performance.Grade repetition in middle school has a relativel

关 键 词：留级 学业成绩 PISA 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]