历史演进与政策嬗变:从“增强体质”到“体教融合”--中国儿童青少年体育健康促进政策演进的特征分析  

Historical Evolution and Policy Change:From“Strengthening Physical Fitness”to“Integration of Sports and Education”--A Characteristic Analysis of the Evolution of Physical Education and Health Promotion Policies for Children and Adolescents in China

作　　者：汪晓赞[1,2] 杨燕国 孔琳[1,3] 仲佳镕 禹华森 郝艳丽 WANG Xiaozan;YANG Yanguo;KONG Lin;ZHONG Jiarong;YU Huasen;HAO Yanli(College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Research on Physical Education for Adolescents of Shanghai Social Science Innovation Research Base,Shanghai 200241,China;Research Base of Physical Education and Teaching in Shanghai“Lide‐Shuren”Key Research Base of Humanity and Social Science,Shanghai 200241,China.)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [3]青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地,上海200241 [4]上海高校“立德树人”人文社会科学重点研究基地体育教育教学研究基地,上海200241

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2020年第10期3-10,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA228)。

摘　　要：以历史纵深演进的视角,梳理新中国成立以来国家重大方针政策,全面分析我国不同时期社会、经济、文化发展的历史演进对教育思想和理念的影响,并系统探讨我国儿童青少年体育健康促进政策的嬗变特征、现存困境以及解决路径。研究发现,我国儿童青少年体育健康促进政策存在3个嬗变特征:1)增强体质:树立社会主义建设初期“强身健体”的育人目标;2)健康第一:提出改革开放之后基于大健康的学校体育指导思想;3)体教融合:开启新时代“全面育人”的体育健康促进之路。同时,仍存在诸多问题与不足:1)学校育人的“体”和“教”在效果评估方面缺乏系统、综合的评价体系,“单维”“一元”体质健康评价和文化成绩评价始终处于“割裂”状态;2)政策制定与政策执行之间缺乏行之有效的衔接,缺乏“自上而下”或“自下而上”互通的监管体系,使部分国家政策难以落到实处;3)社会对“身体健康”与“体质健康”存在认知上的偏差,导致儿童青少年体育健康促进政策缺乏一个良好的社会认知和支持环境。在新时代“体教融合”的背景下,针对上述困境提出3条解决路径:1)研制基于大数据平台的“儿童青少年综合发展评价指数”,将学生的文化成绩与体质健康水平的评价有机融合,为政策制定提供依据,为学校体育实施提供科学、精准的评价方法和手段;2)构建儿童青少年体育健康促进政策一体化监管网络体系,促进教育、体育、卫生等多部门协同;3)从优质课程实施、活力校园建设、家校社多元联动、科学赛事组织及运动智能监控等方面,全面推进儿童青少年体育健康促进行动计划,为我国儿童青少年体育健康促进政策的有效落实保驾护航。From the perspective of historical evolution,this study focuses on major national principles and policies that have been launched since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,comprehensively analyzes the influence of social,economic and cultural development in different historical periods on education ideology and rationale,and systematically discusses the changing characteristics,existing difficulties and solutions in physical education and health promotion policies for children and adolescents in China.The study has found that there are three changing characteristics:1)Strengthening physical fitness:establishing educational goal of“body building”at the preliminary stage of China’s socialist construction;2)health coming first:putting forward the guiding ideology of school physical education based on Big Health after the reform and opening up;3)integration of sports and education:the road of physical education and health promotion by“comprehensively educating people”in the new era.At the same time,there are still many problems and shortcomings:1)Lack of a systematic and comprehensive evaluation system in school“sports”and“education”,and“one-dimensional”physical fitness evaluation and academic performance evaluation always being in a“split”state;2)lack of effective interface between policy formulation and policy implementation,and lack of up-anddown regulatory system like“top-down”or“bottom-up”,making it difficult for some national policies to be implemented;3)social cognitive biases for“physical health”and“physical fitness”,which leading to the lack of a good social awareness and support environment for children and adolescents’physical education and health promotion policies.In the new era of“integration of sports and education”,this study puts forward three ways to solve the above difficulties:1)To develop a“comprehensive development evaluation index for children and adolescents”based on big data platform,which organically integrates the cultural ach

关 键 词：儿童青少年 体育健康促进政策 嬗变特征 现存困境 解决路径 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]