体教融合背景下中国儿童青少年体育发展的现实困境及解决路径  

The Realistic Dilemma and Solution of Chinese Children and Adolescents’Sports Development under the Background of Integration of Sports and Education

作　　者：孔琳[1,3] 汪晓赞 徐勤萍[1,3] 杨文强 吴彩访 周博 朱杨明 KONG Lin;WANG Xiaozan;XU Qinping;YANG Wenqiang;WU Caifang;ZHOU Bo;ZHU Yangming(College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Research on Physical Education for Adolescents of Shanghai Social Science Innovation Research Base,Shanghai 200241,China;Research Base of Physical Education and Teaching in Shanghai“LideShuren”Key Research Base of Humanity and Social Science,Shanghai 200241,China.)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [3]青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地,上海200241 [4]上海高校“立德树人”人文社会科学重点研究基地体育教育教学研究基地,上海200241

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2020年第10期29-35,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十二五”规划教育学重点课题(ALA150010)。

摘　　要：体育作为教育的重要组成部分,在“深化教育领域综合改革”的要求中,聚焦解决儿童青少年体育发展问题。研究围绕儿童青少年个体、学校体育、家庭体育、社区体育4方面编制了“中国儿童青少年体育发展现状的学生问卷、家长问卷和教师问卷”,并在31个省份开展调研,旨在全面审视儿童青少年体育发展的现实困境并提出解决路径。研究表明:1)运动技能整体发展情况良好,“掌握1~2项运动技能”的目标基本实现;身体活动每天不足60 min,周末久坐行为骤增;2)学校体育与健康课程整体开展情况有待提高,课外体育活动内容单一,场地器材资源配置明显改善,但城乡优劣分化显著;3)家长体育素养发展薄弱,家庭体育原生动力不足,陪伴行为缺失;4)社区体育活动中心缺乏,体育活动“零开展”普遍,社区体育设施供需失衡,儿童青少年体育活动器材匮乏。因此,梳理出儿童青少年体育发展现存困境:1)底层基石不稳:缺乏运动成为儿童青少年生活常态;2)生态环境“固化”:学校体育育人功能发挥不力;3)联动主体分散:家庭、学校、社区多元协同不足;4)长效机制短缺:有效的评价与监控体系尚未形成。为扭转上述困局,提出如下纾解路径:1)溯本求源:夯实思想基础,让体育回归生活;2)盘活思路:打造学校“以体育人”新生态;3)建设共同体:加强家庭、学校、社区体育一体化;4)激活新动能:建立儿童青少年体育发展动态化管理与监控体系。As an important part of education,physical education focuses on solving the development problems of children and youth physical education in the demand of“deepening comprehensive reform in the field of education”.Based on this,this study independently compiled the“student questionnaire,parent questionnaire and teacher questionnaire on the current situation of children and adolescents’Sports Development in China”around four aspects of children and adolescents,school sports,family sports and community sports,and carried out large-scale research in 31 province-level regions in China,aiming to comprehensively examine the realistic difficulties of children and adolescents’sports development and put forward countermeasures,it is expected to provide suggestions for the implementation of the strategic measures of“integration of sports and education”.The results showed that:1)The overall development of motor skills was good,and the goal of“mastering 1 or 2 motor skills”was basically achieved;physical activity is less than 60 min a day,and weekend sedentary behaviour has increased dramatically;2)the overall development of school physical education and health curriculum is not satisfactory;the content of extracurricular sports activities is single;the allocation of site equipment resources is fair,but the advantages and disadvantages of urban and rural differentiation are obvious;3)the development of parents’sports literacy is weak,and the primary motivation of family sports is insufficient,lack of accompanying behaviors;4)lack of community sports centers and“zero development”of sports activities is common;community sports facilities supply and demand imbalance,children and youth lack of sports equipment.Based on the above research results,the existing difficulties in the development of sports for children and adolescents are sorted out:1)Unstable underlying foundation:lack of exercise has become a normal life for children and adolescents;2)“solidification”of ecological environment:The educatio

关 键 词：体教融合 儿童青少年 体育发展 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]