陆王心学“减损论”——论陆王道德修养方法的路径取向  

The Detractionism of Lu-Wang Hsin Hsueh——On the Path Orientation of Lu Jiuyuan’s and Wang Yangming’s Moral Cultivation Method

作　　者：张娜[1] ZHANG Na

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《北方论丛》2020年第6期75-81,共7页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：程朱理学讲求格物致知的功夫论和修养方法,简言之,是一种“外向”的修养功夫进路。与程朱理学不同,陆王心学讲求“心即理也”,即内心本就包含有先天的道德伦理知识,人心本是善良的,只是后来为各种私欲杂念所遮蔽,而丧失了道德判断的能力,因此才有了恶。所以,在陆王看来,道德修养无须外求,只需为本心除尘去垢,便可成就圣贤人格,即一种“内向”的修养功夫进路。本文要讨论的就是:陆王心学这种内向型修养方法,即“减损论”。Cheng-Zhu neo-Confucianism strives for the study of knowledge in Kungfu theory.In brief,it is a kind of“extroverted”cultivation Kungfu approach.In comparison,Lu-Wang Hsin Hsueh maintains that“the nature of things lies in one’s innermost being”.That is to say,moral principles exist innately in one’s mind.Human nature is initially kind,only to be obscured by all kinds of desires and distracting thoughts.At last,human beings lose the ability to make moral judgments and start doing evil things.According to Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming,to cultivate one’s morality,one needn’t to seek from the outside world,but to achieve the status of a sage by removing dust from one’s mind.In other words,it is a kind of“introverted”cultivation Kungfu approach.This paper intends to explore the introverted cultivation approach of Lu-Wang Hsin Hsueh-detractionism.

关 键 词：陆王心学 减损论 道德修养 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]