一种新型生物延缓剂对小麦穗发芽及其籽粒品质的影响  

Effect of biological retardant on the pre-harvest sprouting and quality of wheat grains

作　　者：毛志强 焦姣[1] 魏婷婷[1] 王宇[1] 王悦 赵宪成 周繁[1] MAO Zhiqiang;JIAO Jiao;WEI Tingting;WANG Yu;WANG Yue;ZHAO Xiancheng;ZHOU Fan(Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.,Shenyang 110021,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工研究院有限公司,辽宁沈阳110021

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第6期998-1005,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201300)。

摘　　要：[目的]针对小麦穗发芽导致减产降质的农业气候问题,探究生物延缓剂延缓小麦穗发芽及其对小麦籽粒品质的影响,旨在为该生物延缓剂延缓小麦穗发芽提供理论依据,并为下一步研究和推广奠定基础。[方法]选用河南开封主栽小麦品种‘泛麦8号’为试验材料,在小麦蜡熟期取样进行穗发芽诱导,试验设置5个处理和5个取样时间:CK(清水)、P(1%二甲基亚砜)、P+D(1%二甲基亚砜+0.1%渗透剂)、T2(1500 mg·L^-1生物延缓剂+1%二甲基亚砜+0.1%渗透剂)、M4(1200 mg·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯+1%二甲基亚砜+0.1%渗透剂),在浸种4 h后的12、24、36、60、84 h取样,探究不同时间该生物延缓剂对小麦发芽率、千粒质量、α-淀粉酶活性、淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响。[结果]不同处理的种子发芽率随诱导穗发芽时间延长呈现升高趋势,其中CK、P和P+D处理之间差异不显著;与CK相比,T2和M4的发芽率显著降低,T2的发芽时间延缓了24~32 h,而M4的种子失活,未能发芽。千粒质量随诱导穗发芽时间的延长呈现降低趋势,T2与CK相比缓解了小麦千粒质量降低的趋势。小麦α-淀粉酶活性随诱导穗发芽时间的延长呈现升高趋势,T2的α-淀粉酶活性显著高于M4。降落数值呈现降低趋势,CK、P和P+D处理降低的幅度显著大于T2和M4,且在诱导60 h后达到稳定状态,T2和M4的降落数值在36 h后急剧下降,且T2下降的更为明显。小麦总淀粉、支链淀粉、总蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量及小麦粉干湿面筋含量及SDS沉降值随小麦穗发芽时间的延长均呈现下降趋势,T2的这些指标在84 h时分别降低16.15%、19.25%、3.17%、5.95%、6.86%、9.58%、5.36%和12.53%,降低的幅度(比率)显著小于CK,而直链淀粉含量未受到显著影响。籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量呈现增加趋势,且清蛋白增加幅度大于球蛋白,而不同处理小麦的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量随诱导穗发芽时间的延长呈现下降趋�[Objectives]In order to solve the problem of agricultural climate,which leads to the reduction of yield and quality with the harvest sprouting wheat,a new biological retardant was used to explore the effect of the biological retardant on the pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and the quality of wheat grains,which can provide the theoretical basis for delaying the pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and laying the foundation for the next research and promotion.[Methods]The wheat variety‘Fanmai 8’in Kaifeng of Henan Province was selected as the experimental material,including five treatments and five sampling times in this experiment:CK(water),P[1%dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)],P+D(1%DMSO+0.1%penetrant),T2(1500 mg·L^-1 biological retardant+1%DMSO+0.1%penetrant),M4(1200 mg·L^-1 methyl jasmonate+1%DMSO+0.1%penetrant)and 12,24,48,72,84 h after seed soaking 4 h.The samples were carried out to explore the effect of biological retardant on delaying the germination rate,1000-grain weight,α-amylase activity,starch and protein content in wheat grains.[Results]The results indicated that the seed germination rate of wheat showed an increasing trend in different treatments,among which three treatments of CK,P and P+D did not show the significant difference.T2 and M4 significantly reduced the seed germination rate compared with CK,in which the seed germination rate of T2 treatment was delayed about 24-32 h,while seed vitality of wheat was killed by M4 and the grains couldn’t germinate.The 1000-grain weight decreased significantly with the increase of germination time,in which T2 alleviated the decrease,compared with CK.Theα-amylase activity increased with the increase of pre-harvest sprouting time of wheat,and theα-amylase activity of T2 was significantly higher than M4.The falling number value showed a decreasing trend,and the decrease of CK,P,P+D was significantly higher than T2 and M4,and reached a steady state after the induction of 60 hours.T2 and M4 showed a sharp decline after 36 hours,in which the T2 decreased more signifi

关 键 词：小麦 生物延缓剂 穗发芽 Α-淀粉酶 淀粉 蛋白质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]