事后抢劫实行过限问题探析  

An Analysis of the Limitation of Post-Event Robbery

作　　者：马松建[1] 宋维鑫 MA Song-jian;SONG Wei-xin(School of Law,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第5期64-67,共4页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

摘　　要：事后抢劫是法律拟制而来的一种特殊规定,在基础犯罪范围的认定上具有特殊性。实行过限源于共同犯罪,但过限行为与共同犯罪行为往往不易区分,未过限共犯责任认定也较为困难。复数犯罪人形态下事后抢劫结合二者特性,同时又涉及共犯转化问题,理论上更为复杂。厘清过限行为,应当坚持主客观相统一原则,根据具体犯罪类型的不同情况加以认定。对共同实行犯的过限行为,除了考察行为人主观上是否知晓,还需区分作为与不作为,行为人积极参与或者有作为义务且能为而不为,则为过限行为;对狭义共犯的处罚属于刑罚扩张事由,使其承担责任主要看主观上有无预见可能性,客观上过限结果能否归属于该狭义共犯的行为,即二者需有因果性。在事后抢劫的场合,通常能认定为行为过限,但也存在例外。Robbery after the event is a special stipulation from the fiction of law, which has its particularity in the identification of the basic crime scope. However, it is not easy to distinguish the over-limit act from the joint crime, and it is difficult to determine the liability of the unover-limit accomplice. In the form of plural criminals, after-crime robbery combines the characteristics of both, and involves the transformation of accomplices, which is theoretically more complicated. In order to clarify the over-restrictive ACTS, we should adhere to the principle of unity of subject and objective, and identify them according to the different situations of specific types of crimes. For the over-limit behavior of joint perpetrator, in addition to investigating whether the actor knows subjectively, it is also necessary to distinguish between the act and omission. If the actor actively participates in or has the duty to act and can but does not act, it is over-limit behavior. The punishment of accomplice in the narrow sense belongs to the reason of the expansion of punishment, so the responsibility is mainly determined by the subjective possibility of foreseeability, and the objective result of the excessive limit belongs to the behavior of accomplice in the narrow sense, that is, the two should have causation. In the case of post-mortem robbery, the act is generally considered excessive, but there are exceptions.

关 键 词：事后抢劫 共同犯罪 实行过限 责任承担 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]