不同生境马铃薯根际土壤细菌多样性分析  

Comparison of bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of potato in different habitats

作　　者：熊悯梓 钞亚鹏[2,3] 赵盼 宋双伟[2,3] 石莹莹 莫乘宝 仲乃琴 Minzi Xiong;Yapeng Chao;Pan Zhao;Shuangwei Song;Yingying Shi;Chengbao Mo;Naiqin Zhong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China;Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;The Enterprise Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Potato Fertilizer and Pesticide,Hulunbuir 021000,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Sugarcane Production Technical Service Station of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County,Hechi 547100,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [3]内蒙古自治区马铃薯肥料农药高效利用技术企业重点实验室,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000 [4]广西壮族自治区环江毛南族自治县糖蔗生产技术服务站,广西河池547100

出　　处：《微生物学报》2020年第11期2434-2449,共16页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新项目(2018CXCC0303);新型缓/控释肥料与稳定肥料研制项目(2017YFD0200708);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2018BBF02021);国家自然科学基金(31601622)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着国家对马铃薯产业重视程度的增加,生产的专业化和规模化程度越来越高,化肥农药用量不断加大,加之连作等种植模式,致使以疮痂病为代表的土传病害普遍发生且逐年加重,个别地块发病率达90%以上,给种植业者带来巨大的经济损失。【目的】为了探索马铃薯疮痂病发生与土壤环境的关系,分析区域性种植方式和施肥量对土壤细菌种群变化的影响,为实现土传病害有效防治提供借鉴。【方法】本文分别从1年连作土传病害轻的宁夏西吉(西北)、3年连作土传病害严重的河北沽源(华北)、5年轮作未发现土传病害的内蒙古海拉尔(东北)大田马铃薯根际采集土壤,利用高通量测序技术,比较了样品间细菌群落结构差异。【结果】3组样品共获得有效条带617558条,可分类操作单元(OTUs)3077个。各样品中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)数量最多,含量均在33%以上。与未发病土壤样品相比,土传病害发生严重的样品中细菌数量、物种数、细菌多样性、种类丰富度均有所降低,有害菌数量增加,益生菌数量减少。其中,放线菌(Actinobacteria)数量明显增多,变形菌(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)数量明显减少,组分及数量差异明显的细菌(尤其是放线菌门)大多与土壤全磷含量呈显著相关。【结论】过量施用化肥和常年连作改变了土壤细菌群落结构,生态环境恶化,导致土传性病害发生。其中,磷可能是影响土壤微生物群落结构变化最主要的肥料元素。With increasing emphasis on potato production,the planting scale and professional degree of potato grow very fast in recent years in China.However,ever-increasing application intensity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,together with succession cropping,leads to more and more serious soil-borne diseases representing by potato common scab.In some areas,the incidence of soil-borne diseases even reaches 90%causing huge economic loss to farmers.[Objective]To monitor the changes of soil bacterial population due to different planting patterns and intensities of fertilization,analyze the relationship between occurrence of soil-borne diseases and change of soil-environment,provide theoretical basis for effectively controlling soil-borne diseases of potato.[Methods]Soil rhizosphere samples were collected from three distinct potato fields continuously cropped for one-year in Xiji(Ningxia,northwest),three-year in Guyuan(Hebei,north)and five-year in Hailar(Inner Mongolia,northeast)with low,high and rare incidence,respectively,of soil borne diseases.Then,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to comparably analyze the bacterial community structure and diversity of these samples.[Results]A total of 617558 effective reads and 3077 sortable operating units(OTUs)were obtained from the 3 groups of samples.Among them,the dominant component was Proteobacteria with a proportion over 33%.Compared with the soil samples from the field without occurrence of potato soil-borne diseases,the bacterial abundance and diversity decreased significantly in the soil samples from the field with high incidence of potato soil-borne diseases.Meanwhile,augmentation and reduction of the relative abundance of pathogenic and probiotic bacteria,respectively,also were observed.Specifically,we found the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased on a large scale,whereas that of Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria decreased dramatically.Moreover,we found that composition changes and quantities of some bacteria(especially Actinomycetes

关 键 词：高通量测序 马铃薯 根际土壤 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S532[农业科学—农业基础科学]