论教育作为一种工程性实践  

Viewing Education as an Engineering Practice

作　　者：杨开城[1] 陈洁[1] YANG Kaicheng;CHEN Jie

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育技术学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2020年第6期3-8,51,共7页Modern Distance Education Research

摘　　要：现代教育需要一种自觉的理性,这种理性是技术理性、科学理性和价值理性的统一。人们运用价值理性看顾教育目标,运用技术理性和科学理性设计教育手段和理解教育结果。很明显,技术理性的运用占用了绝大部分教育实践成本(含时间成本)。因此教育理性突出表现在课程开发和教学设计以及教育系统分析的工作当中,而非课堂教学这类感性活动之中。即是说,只有课程开发、教学设计、教育系统分析实现了技术化,教育才能成为现代教育。而这种教育本身就是一种工程性实践,不但需要课程开发技术、教学设计技术等专业技术,还需要教育工程学。教育工程学视野中的教育工程,不是指教育领域中的工程项目,而是指教育系统的设计、开发、实施与维护升级的组织性实践活动。这里教育系统是指教育组织所采纳的课程体系及其经过逐层转化而演变而成的教学实施活动。教育建模是教育工程学研究首要的工作。教育建模包括教育系统的概念建模和教育工程的过程建模。我们可以用“课程体系—门类课程—知识组件—学习活动—活动任务—教学环节—知识对象”来表征教育系统概念模型,可以将课程开发过程模式、教学设计过程模式、过程机制图组合起来表征教育工程的过程模型。Modern education calls for initiative rationality,a kind of rationality integrating technical,scientific and value rationality.People shall see educational ends in the light of value rationality and design the means and interpret the outcomes with the help of technical rationality and scientific rationality.Obviously,work by technical rationality consumes most of educational practice cost(involving the time cost).So educational rationality demonstrates mostly in the works of curriculum development,instructional design and educational system analysis,not in such emotional activities as classroom teaching.That is,only when curriculum development,instructional design and educational system analysis are all made technological,education might be modern.And this form of education in itself is a form of engineering practice and thus requires not only such curriculum development technique and instructional design technique,but also the educational engineering discipline.From the views of educational engineering discipline,an educational engineering is not an engineering project in the education field,but organized practice composed of design,development,implementation and upgrading of educational systems,which,in this context,are referred to the system of curricula adopted by education organizations and those instructional activities transformed from those curricula.Educational modeling,including conceptual modeling of an educational system and procedural modeling of education engineering,is the primary task of educational engineering research.We represent an educational system as“a system of curricula,a single curriculum,knowledge components,learning activities,tasks,instructional links and knowledge objects”hierarchy and describe an educational engineering process as a composed procedure including the procedural model of curriculum development,the procedural model of instructional design and procedural mechanism diagrams of educational systems.

关 键 词：现代教育实践 教育工程 教育系统 教育建模 

分 类 号：G42[文化科学—课程与教学论]