冻融方式对蛋清起泡特性与蛋白质聚集状态的影响研究  

Effect of Freezing-Thawing Methods on the Foaming Properties and Protein Aggregation State of Egg White

作　　者：邱文 刘福权[1] 赵志峰[1] 吕远平[1] QIU Wen;LIU Fuquan;ZHAO Zhifeng;LYU Yuanping(College of Biomass Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《食品科技》2020年第9期29-34,共6页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：四川大学横向项目(17Z0029)。

摘　　要：冰蛋清因其储运方便成为蛋清液的一种深加工产品,而冷冻与解冻方式对其品质影响较大。文章采用液氮速冻与冰箱冷冻2种冷冻方式与空气、水浴、真空和超声4种解冻方式对蛋清的起泡特性和蛋清蛋白质聚集状态进行了研究。结果表明,无论采用哪种解冻方式,与冰箱冷冻相比,液氮速冻制得的蛋清液都具有更高的起泡力与泡沫稳定性;4种解冻方式中,超声解冻后的蛋清液具有更大的起泡力,而真空解冻后的蛋清液具有最大的泡沫稳定性。进一步分析冻融后蛋清液的黏度和粒径分布可知,液氮速冻后的蛋清液较冰箱冷冻蛋白质聚集程度更高;超声解冻会显著降低蛋白质的黏度,小分子粒径分布比例多;而真空解冻后的蛋清液黏度显著提高,蛋白质聚集程度最高。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,冰蛋清的起泡特性与蛋白质的聚集程度具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。研究结果为冰蛋清冻融方式的选择提供了科学依据。Frozen egg white has become a deep processing product of egg white due to its convenient storage and transportation.In this paper,the effects of two freezing methods combined with four thawing methods on the foaming properties and protein aggregation state of frozen egg white were studied.The results showed that the egg white obtained by liquid nitrogen quick-freezing had higher foaming ability and foaming stability than that from refrigerator freezing.Among the four ways of thawing,the ultrasonic thawed egg white has greater foaming power,while the vacuum thawed egg white has the greatest foaming stability.Further analysis showed that egg white after liquid nitrogen quick-freezing has a higher degree of protein aggregation than refrigerator,and ultrasonic thawing can significantly reduce the viscosity of protein and more small molecule particle size distribution,while the viscosity of egg white solution after vacuum thawing significantly increases,with the highest degree of protein aggregation.Foaming properties of frozen egg white and protein aggregation degree has a strong correlation(P<0.05).This study provides reference for the selection of freezing-thawing methods of frozen egg white.

关 键 词：冻融方式 起泡力 泡沫稳定性 黏度 粒径分布 

分 类 号：TS253.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]