美国私立义务教育发展观察  

A Probe into the Development of Compulsory Education by Private Providers in the US

作　　者：李虔[1] Li Qian(Education Administration Research Department,National Academy of Education Administration,Beijing 102617)

机构地区：[1]国家教育行政学院教育行政教研部,北京102617

出　　处：《教育研究》2020年第10期62-72,共11页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2017年度教育学青年课题“非营利性民办高校监管机制研究”(课题批准号:CIA170268)的研究成果。

摘　　要：义务教育是国家必须予以保障的公益性事业。美国发展私立义务教育的主要策略是保持公立、私立比例长期稳定,公立教育占据主体地位;保障义务教育公益属性,排斥和警惕营利性或准营利性义务教育;保护和尊重教育选择,通过公立教育改革疏解私立学校择校热;强调扶持和监管对等,实行支持与问责并重。中美两国在义务教育提供机制、教育公益属性保障、民办学校功能定位、政府责任等四个方面有同有异。立足我国实际,以美国为鉴,发展民办义务教育应坚持党的领导,落实政府责任;坚持公办为主体、民办为补充的基本格局;深入推进分类管理改革,强化义务教育民办学校非营利原则;坚持治理与疏导结合,引导淡化义务教育阶段民办学校优势论、择校论;坚持支持和规范并举,进一步完善促进行业健康发展的制度环境。Compulsory education is a public welfare that the government must guarantee. To help private providers develop compulsory education,the United States adopts major strategies as follows:Keeping a long-term,stable ratio of public schools to private schools,with public education occupying a dominant position;guaranteeing the public interest of compulsory education,and excluding profit-seeking or quasi-profit-seeking compulsory education;protecting and respecting education choices,and relieving the "private school choice fever" through the reform of public education;and highlighting both assistance and supervision,and attaching equal importance to support and accountability. There are both similarities and differences between China and the United States in the mechanisms for the development of compulsory education,the public interest of education,the functions of private schools,and government’s responsibilities. Based on the national situations of China and the practices of the United States,China is supposed to do the following to help private providers develop compulsory education:follow the leadership of the CPC,and impose responsibilities on the government;follow the basic pattern of mainly developing public education and supplementing it by private education;deepen the reform of classification-based management and strengthen the non-profit principle of compulsory education by private providers;combine governance and direction,and weaken private schools’ advantages and the "private school choice fever";and attach equal importance to supporting and regulating,and consummate the environment promoting the healthy development of private education.

关 键 词：美国 私立教育 义务教育 民办学校 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]