我国花生产业发展状况、存在问题及政策建议  

Development status, existing problems and policy recommendations of peanut industry in China

作　　者：张立伟[1] 王辽卫[1] ZHANG Liwei;WANG Liaowei(China National Grain and Oils Information Center,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]国家粮油信息中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国油脂》2020年第11期116-122,共7页China Oils and Fats

摘　　要：详细论述了我国花生生产、消费和贸易状况,花生榨油行业和食品加工行业发展历史与现状,分析研究了当前我国花生产业存在的主要问题,提出了促进我国花生产业健康发展的政策建议。近几年我国花生产量超过1 700万t,花生产量和单产位居世界第一,花生消费整体保持稳定增长态势。我国花生出口贸易在世界花生贸易中占有重要地位,国际贸易以出口为主,进口为辅。尽管我国花生产业近年来有了一定的发展,但还存在着专用花生及高产优质品种较少,未形成优势性的产业带,花生加工基础相对薄弱,以及花生生产、收获、储存、运输、加工过程中农药超量使用和黄曲霉毒素污染等问题。为此,建议加大政策扶持力度,加强花生育种研究,扩大规模化生产和产业化经营,加强花生加工技术创新,实施花生油精品名牌发展战略以及标准化建设,以促进我国花生产业健康发展。The production, consumption and trade of peanut in China were discussed in details, as well as the development history and status of the peanut crushing industry and food processing industry.In addition, the main problems existing in China’s peanut industry were analyzed, and policy recommendations to promote the healthy development of the peanut industry were put forward. In recent years, the output of peanut in China has exceeded 17 million tons. The yield and unit yield of peanuts rank first in the world, and the overall consumption of peanuts has maintained a steady growth. Export is the mainly form of China’s peanut trade, which also plays an important role in the world peanut trade, and import plays only a subsidiary role. Although China’s peanut industry has developed in recent years, there are still some problems such as few special, high-yield and high-quality peanut varieties, no formed advantageous industrial belt, relatively weak peanut processing foundation, and the excessive use of pesticides and Aspergillus flavus pollution during the process of the production, harvesting, storage, transportation, processing, etc. Therefore, it is recommended to increase policy support, strengthen research on breeding, expand large-scale production and industrialization, encourage peanut processing technology innovation, and implement peanut oil premium brand development strategy and standardization construction to promote the healthy development of peanut industry in China.

关 键 词：花生 花生生产 花生消费 花生贸易 花生榨油 花生食品 花生产业 政策建议 

分 类 号：TS222+.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] S52[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]