以自我为企业——过度市场化与研发员工的自我经营  

“Self as Enterprise”: Over-Marketization and the Self-Management of R&D Engineers

作　　者：严霞[1] Yan Xia

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院

出　　处：《社会学研究》2020年第6期136-159,244,245,共26页Sociological Studies

基　　金：2020年高校基本科研业务费—青年教师培育项目“中国高新技术企业中研发生产的控制机制研究”(项目号:20WKPY72)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以一个高技术企业的研发劳动控制为个案,分析“以自我为企业”的控制模式的形成机制及其与劳动者自主性的关系。“以自我为企业”的控制通过劳动者自主遵从市场机制进行自我经营,从而间接实现劳动控制。研发员工“以自我为企业”的自我控制既不同于建立在价值认同基础上的规范性控制,也不同于试图强化员工组织忠诚的责任自治。它是研发员工在生活型再生产与高技术产业劳动力市场的雇用方式均过度市场化的情况下形成的“被迫同意”。面临双重就业风险和生活降级风险,研发员工不得不以市场理性经营个人的工作与生活,在劳动力贬值前最大化兑现劳动价值。This article analyzes the self-enterprising mechanism of Research &Development( R&D) engineers based on a case study of labor control in a high-tech company. "Self as enterprise " controls the labor process through workers’ selfmanagement according to the market principle. It is neither a form of normative control built upon the acceptance and internalization of the market-oriented values,nor the responsible autonomy aiming to enhance workers’ organizational commitment. It is the fact that R&D workers’ reproduction of current living-standard depends heavily on performance-based merit salary that forces them to pragmatically comply with the rule of the market. In the circumstance when both the reproduction of labor and the labor market have been over-marketized,R&D workers are under high risk of living-standard downgrading and double job insecurity. They have to manage their work and life in an enterprising way to maximize labor value before being devalued.

关 键 词：劳动控制 工作自主性 以自我为企业 自我经营 研发员工 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F276.44[经济管理—国民经济] F014.2