基于常规生化成分表型的茶树品种遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tea Cultivars Based on the Phenotypes of Conventional Biochemical Components

作　　者：孔祥瑞[1] 杨军[1] 岳文杰[2] 郑国华[1] 王让剑[1] KONG Xiangrui;YANG Jun;YUE Wenjie;ZHENG Guohua;WANG Rangjian(Institute of Tea,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Branch of National Center for Tea Improvement,Fuzhou 350013,China;Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所国家茶树改良中心福建分中心,福建福州350013 [2]福建农林大学金山学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2020年第12期42-47,共6页China Tea

基　　金：福建省现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系育种与栽培岗位(闽农综2019[144号]);福建省星火项目(2019S0051);国家茶叶质量安全工程技术研究中心开放课题(2017NTQS0301);福建省农业科学院青年科技创新团队建设项目(STIT2017-3-12)。

摘　　要：对茶树品种进行基于常规生化成分的鉴定和多样性分析,可以指导茶树育种中优势互补亲本的选择,从而提高优异基因的交流累加和新品种选育效率。对189个茶树品种进行研究分析,结果发现,参试茶树品种的氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱含量分别为2.3%~3.8%、21.5%~33.5%、11%~20%、3.7%~4.9%,4个常规生化成分性状Shannon-Weaver指数均值为1.83,变异系数均值为22%,遗传多样性丰富。基于4个常规生化成分性状分别计算乌龙茶品种与红绿茶品种的欧氏遗传距离,结果显示两类品种之间呈完全重叠的包含关系。主成分分析可将参试茶树品种分成3个亚组,亚组间具有相似的欧氏遗传距离,但又具组内品种特色,可提供茶树育种亲本选配利用。The diversity identification and analysis of tea cultivars based on conventional biochemical components can guide the selection of complementary parents in tea breeding,so as to improve the exchange accumulation of excellent genes and the breeding efficiency of new cultivars.In this study,189 tea cultivars were selected for analysis.The results show that,amino acid,tea polyphenol,catechin and caffeine contents of the tested tea cultivars varied from 2.3%~3.8%, 21.5%~33.5%, 11%~20%, 3.7%~4.9%, respectively, and the average value of Shannon-Weaverindex and coefficient of variation were 1.83 and 22%, respectively, demonstrating rich genetic diversities amongthese four conventional biochemical components. Furthermore, the Euclidean genetic distances of Oolong teacultivars and black and green tea cultivars were calculated based on four biochemical components, respectively.The results show that these cultivars were completely overlapped. The tested tea cultivars could be divided intothree subgroups based on principal component analysis, and the Euclidean genetic distances between the subgroupswere very similar. Tea cultivars also had subgroup-specific features, which could be used for parent selection intea breeding.

关 键 词：茶树 生化性状 多样性 遗传距离 分层聚类 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]