被遗忘的“太虚”:张载关学心性之域的太虚说  

The Forgotten Taixu:Zhang Zai’s Theory of Taixu in the Realm of Mind and Nature

作　　者：刘宗镐 LIU Zonghao(Research Institute of Guan School, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学关学研究院,西安710069

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2020年第12期52-59,共8页Journal of Weinan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:明代关学学派政治哲学研究(19BZX062);贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列项目:二曲学派对阳明心学的多维发展(18GZGX34)。

摘　　要：张载关学的本体是“太虚”。“太虚”不只是宇宙本体,也是心性本体,即张载所谓的“太虚者心之实也”。作为心性本体的“太虚”,既是心的本然状态,即“本心”,也是人的本性,即“天地之性”;其内蕴含道德原则“仁”,是人之为人的根本依据。张载关学以“太虚”为心性本体决定其学以“虚心”为基本工夫。虚心工夫是由“虚其心”渐至“虚中求出实”,最终体验人固有的善性“仁”。张载心性之域的太虚说被心学派继承,并进而发展出太虚本心说和太虚良知说;同时,张载的虚心工夫也被心学派继承,并进而发展出“致虚立本”工夫和“无中生有”工夫。Taixu was the ontology of Zhang Zai’s Guan school.Taixu is not only the noumenon of universe,but also the noumenon of mind,that is to say,Zhang Zai called“Taixu is the original mind”.As the noumenon of the mind,Taixu is not only the natural state of the mind,that is,the“original mind”,but also the human nature,that is,the nature of the universe;it contains the moral principle——“benevolence”,which is the fundamental basis of human being.Zhang Zai took Taixu as his mental nature,which determined that“modest mind”was his basic effort.The humble effort is gradually from“emptiness of heart”to“seeking truth from emptiness”,and finally experience the inherent goodness of human beings——“benevolence”.Zhang Zai’s noumenon theory of Taixu is inherited by the Mind School,and then develops the theory of Taixu’s original mind and the theory of Taixu’s conscience.At the same time,Zhang Zai’s work of modesty is also inherited by the Mind School,and then develops the work of mind study,such as“creating the essence of emptiness”and“creating the essence from nothing”.

关 键 词：太虚 心性本体 张载 关学 心学 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]