富有理念的现实主义教育——陶孟和论教育的社会性  

How Can Education be Oriented toward Reality but Elevated by Ideas?——Menghe Tao on the Sociality of Education

作　　者：王利平 WANG Li-ping(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Bijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《教育学报》2020年第6期3-14,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：教育的社会性是19世纪后期以来讨论教育学转向的核心问题。无论是涂尔干、杜威还是美国进步主义时代教育改革的践行者,都看到伴随资本主义市场的扩张与深入,城市与乡村的生态环境、人口数量与组成的深刻变化,人的社会生活样式以及人的思考与情感模式都发生了急剧变动。各种形式的传统教育,无论是依托于宗教团体的,还是注重文本文法训练的,或是强调绅士品格与修养陶冶的,都面临与现实社会世界脱节的问题。教育从个人转向社会成为一个普遍趋势。以我国教育社会学发端人物陶孟和的著作为核心,剖析其关于教育社会性的表述,即教育为何要从对个人教养的培养转向对人在社会生活世界之中的认识,可以看出他的理念:教育不仅是简单地服务于社会现实需要,更应成为塑造社会风尚的力量;而社会性背后的道德理想,更进一步为大众民主社会中的劳动者提供高出于日常生活的文化向往。这些讨论有助于反思今日教育社会学的现状和可能。Ever since the educational turn embarked upon during the nineteenth century,the sociality of education has been a central issue.The great educational theorists.including Emile Durkheim.JohnDewey.and the practitioners of educational reform in the American progressive era.have all commented on the dramatic changes in people's thinking and emotional modes,which occurred with the expansion and deepening of the capitalist market,the transformation of the urban and rural ecologies,and the radical changes in the demographic composition.Various forms of traditional education,sponsored by religious groups.or emphasizing text and grammar training,or centering on the cultivation of gentlemen,were all criticized for being incongruent in the real world.Adapting education to the needs of society has become a common trend.This article focuses on the works of Menghe Tao,the initiator of Sociology of Education in China,and elaborates his theory of the sociality of education.namely,why education should shift from the cultivation of personal qualities to the understanding of people embedded in social life.Education not only serves the needs of society.but moreover nurtures the moral sensibility of the people.It brings forth the moral ideals.which would provide the workers in the mass democratic society with cultural aspirations that dignify their everyday life.These discussions lead to a reflection on the role of the sociology of educa-tion in current society.

关 键 词：陶孟和 教育社会学 教育社会性 道德 风尚 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]