基于培养学生科学实验能力的综合性多步有机合成实验设计与实践:咖啡因的化学合成与表征  

Design and Practice of Comprehensive Multi-Step Organic Synthesis Experiments Based on Cultivating Students’ Scientific Experiment Ability: Synthesis and Characterization of Caffeine

作　　者：程辉成 陈宝茹 周立超 王敏 徐奕杭 周建敏 黄艳仙 马姣丽 CHENG Hui-Cheng;CHEN Bao-Ru;ZHOU Li-Chao;WANG Min;XU Yi-Hang;ZHOU Jian-Min;HUANG Yan-Xian;MA Jiao-Li(Development Center of Technology for Fruit&.Vegetables Storage and Processing Engineering,College of Chemistry,Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东石油化工学院广东高校果蔬加工与贮藏工程技术开发中心化学学院,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2020年第22期58-61,共4页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：2017年广东省创新创业教育课程和应用型人才培养课程项目:应用大学化学课程群;2019年度广东石油化工学院教学团队项目:应用物理化学和应用有机化学课程群教学团队(JXTD201922);广东高校果蔬加工与贮藏工程技术开发中心(2012gczxB001);广东石油化工学院校级项目(JY201718,215231,517152,517136);广东石油化工学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(733412,201811656065,201811656081,201811656093)。

摘　　要：在大学有机化学的经典实验"从茶叶中提取咖啡因"的基础上,设计了以氰乙酸与二甲基脲为原料的"咖啡因的化学合成与表征"综合性实验。该实验操作过程易于控制,重复性较好,通过熔点、紫外、红外、核磁共振、质谱等手段对产物进行了结构表征。通过该实验,学生不仅可以巩固蒸馏、过滤及重结晶等基本实验操作,而且有助于提高对有机化合物合成研究过程的认识,有利于学生综合实验能力的培养。Based on the classic experiment of university organic chemistry "extracting caffeine from tea leaves", a comprehensive experiment of "chemical synthesis and characterization of caffeine" using cyanoacetic acid and dimethyl urea as raw material was designed. The experimental procedure is easy to control, and the repeatability is good. The intermediates and products are characterized by melting point instrument, ultravoilet spectrometer, infrared spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Through the comprehensive design of the experiment, students can not only master the basic experimental operations such as distillation, filtration and recrystallization, but also improve the understanding of the organic compound synthesis research process, and help students to develop comprehensive experimental capabilities.

关 键 词：实验教学 咖啡因 化学合成 结构表征 

分 类 号：O621.3-4[理学—有机化学] G642.423[理学—化学]