校园欺凌的综合治理何以实现——来自现代校园欺凌研究发源地挪威的探索  

How to Establish a Comprehensive Control over School Bullying:A Probe into Norway,the Birthplace of Modern Research into School Bullying

作　　者：张倩[1] 孟繁华[2] 刘电 Zhang Qian;Meng Fanhua;Liu Dian(the College of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;the University of Stavanger,Norway,Stavanger 4032)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学,北京100048 [3]挪威斯塔万格大学社会学院,斯塔万格4032

出　　处：《教育研究》2020年第11期70-82,共13页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学一般课题“构建校园欺凌综合治理体系的国际经验与中国方案研究”(课题批准号:BHA200153)的研究成果。

摘　　要：校园欺凌作为一种社会现象,是复杂社会系统里的多个要素互动的产物,反映了特定环境内的复杂的社会互动关系。治理校园欺凌本质上是对导致欺凌行为产生的社会生态环境的治理。挪威作为现代校园欺凌研究的发源地,通过全民动员、专项立法、项目干预、专业培训、普及教育和绩效监督等策略,建立了校园欺凌防治的综合治理模式。基于该模式所形成的集研究、干预、赋能与监督等多种功能于一体的现代治理体系,推动挪威的校园欺凌治理从"有效"走向了"长效",实现了欺凌发生率十年连降的长治目标。推进我国校园欺凌综合治理现代化,形成专业化、制度化和系统化的欺凌治理工作机制,需要建构综合治理体系,完善法治体系,加强科学研究,完善监测评估机制。School bullying,a social phenomenon resulting from multiple interactive factors in a complex social system,reflects complicated social interactions within a specific environment. The control over school bullying is essentially interventions in the social ecological environment resulting in school bullying. Norway,the birthplace of modern research into school bullying,has established a comprehensive model for the control over school bullying by means of various strategies,including the mobilization of all people,a special legislation,intervention projects,professional training,universal education,and accountability. Encompassing such functions as research,interventions,empowerment and supervision,the model has improved the control over school bullying in Norway,achieving effective and then long-lasting results,with school bullying declining in ten consecutive years. To promote the modernization of comprehensive control over school bullying and develop a professional,institutionalized and systematic addressing mechanism in China,we need to build a comprehensive control system,improve the legislative system,strengthen scientific research,and consummate the monitoring and evaluation mechanism.

关 键 词：校园欺凌 综合治理体系 挪威 

分 类 号：G474[文化科学—教育学]