美国STEM教育发展经验及其对中国的启示  

American STEM Education Development Experience and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：孙刚成 杨晨美子 SUN Gangcheng;YANG Chenmeizi(College of Education Science,Yan’an University,Yan’an,Shaanxi,716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学教育科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2020年第12期32-43,共12页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：陕西省重大招标课题“市级人民政府、市县党政领导干部及相关省级部门履行教育行政职责的评价体系及组织实施研究”(编号:ZDKT1921);陕西省高水平大学建设专项资金资助项目“教育学”(编号:2015SXTS01)。

摘　　要：美国STEM教育起步早,积累了较为丰富的经验。基于此,从时代变革对STEM人才的迫切需求,科技发展对教育提出的新要求,美国强烈的竞争意识和危机意识三个方面深入了解美国STEM教育提出的背景;继而从美国STEM课程趋于融合,兼顾趣味性和实用性,教学方法立足探究性、自主性和合作性,教育目标侧重于创新和发展等特点对美国STEM教育进行系统分析;并从基于具体国情制定STEM教育相关政策,注重营造创新、活跃的教学氛围,创造真实的问题情境,激发学生的探究欲,培养STEM师资,扩大师资队伍,广泛动员社会力量形成支持STEM教育发展的集合力等方面进行经验借鉴;有利于中国STEM教育实现后来居上的发展。STEM education in the United States started early and developed rapidly and accumulated rich experience.The development of the times urgently needs STEM talents,and the development of science and technology puts forward new requirements for education,and the United States has a strong sense of competition and crisis.This paper makes an in-depth understanding of the background of American STEM education from the above three aspects,and then makes a systematic analysis of American STEM education from the characteristics that American STEM curriculum tends to be integrated,taking into account both interest and practicality,teaching methods are based on inquiry,autonomy and cooperation,and educational objectives focus on innovation and development.Experience can be learned such as making the relevant policies of STEM education based on specific national conditions,paying attention to creating an innovative and active teaching atmosphere,creating real problem scenes,stimulating students'desire to explore,improving teachers'STEM literacy to cultivate qualified STEM teachers,and extensively mobilizing social forces to form a collective force to support the development of STEM education,which is conducive to the development of STEM education in China.

关 键 词：STEM教育 美国 技术创新 综合实践 创新人才 跨学科能力 

分 类 号：G571.1[文化科学—教育学]