中国古诗英译中缺省主语的身份判断及补出  

Identifying Speaker’s Identity in Translating Null Subjects of Classical Chinese Poems

作　　者：章艳[1] Zhang Yan(Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学

出　　处：《外国语文研究》2020年第5期62-72,共11页Foreign Language and Literature Research

摘　　要：不同语言有着不同的哲学基础。中国传统哲学思想中的“天人合一”观赋予中国古诗的主语缺省以独特的审美价值,但在强调逻辑和形式完整的英语中,汉诗英译时主语的“补出”则属必然,而主语的补出要基于对说话者身份的判断。本文以《古诗十九首》为例,探讨在中国古诗英译过程中如何判断诗歌中说话者的身份,进而讨论译诗中对说话者身份存在不同判断的合理性以及造成判断差异的原因。分析表明,《古诗十九首》中说话者在英译诗中可以表现为I、we和第三人称这三个主语并有具体的身份判断,少数几首即使不同译者对原诗说话者身份的判断存在差异,在确定身份之后只要选择符合该身份的用词和情感表达方式,不同的译诗也完全可以做到各得其妙。特别值得关注的是,译者的文化心理对于判断说话者身份和情感表现有着重要影响。Different languages are based on different philosophies.Null subjects in ancient Chinese poems,in terms of the philosophy of“nature and man are one”,are endowed with unique aesthetic value,while a subject referring to someone or something is normally essential in English sentence structures.This article takes Nineteen Old Poems as an example to discuss how to determine the speaker's identity,the different choices of speakers in translations,and reasons behind the different identifications of speakers.The analysis shows that three subjects,namely I,we,and the third person,can represent the different speakers in Nineteen Old Poems in English versions.Even though translators have different identifications of the speaker in the original poem,they can use the words and ways of emotional expression that match the identity.It is particularly noteworthy that cultural mentality has a significant influence on translators in the process of identifying the speaker and expressing emotions.

关 键 词：中国古诗英译 缺省主语 《古诗十九首》 说话者身份 文化心理 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语] I046[文学—文学理论]