The interaction of stem cells and vascularity in peripheral nerve regeneration  

作　　者：Sara Saffari Tiam M.Saffari Dietmar J.O.Ulrich Steven E.R.Hovius Alexander Y.Shin 

机构地区：[1]Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,MN,USA [2]Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Radboud University Medical Center,Nijmegen,the Netherlands

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2021年第8期1510-1517,共8页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

摘　　要：The degree of nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury can be altered by the microenvironment at the site of injury. Stem cells and vascularity are postulated to be a part of a complex pathway that enhances peripheral nerve regeneration;however, their interaction remains unexplored. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on this interaction, including various mechanisms through which trophic factors are promoted by stem cells and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis after nerve injury is stimulated by hypoxia, mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in the growth of preexisting vessels into new areas. Modulation of distinct signaling pathways in stem cells can promote angiogenesis by the secretion of various angiogenic factors. Simultaneously, the importance of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration relies on their ability to promote myelin formation and their capacity to be influenced by the microenvironment to differentiate into Schwann-like cells. Stem cells can be acquired through various sources that correlate to their differentiation potential, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each source of stem cells serves its particular differentiation potential and properties associated with the promotion of revascularization and nerve regeneration. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from cell types and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes hold promise for future transplantation applications, as these vesicles contain fewer membrane-bound proteins, resulting in lower immunogenicity. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical studies that focus on selecting the ideal type of stem cell and optimizing stem cell delivery methods for potential translation to clinical practice. Future studies integrating stem cell-based therapies with the promotion of angiogenesis may elucidate the synergistic pathways and ultimately enhance nerve regeneration.

关 键 词：ANGIOGENESIS EXOSOMES nerve graft nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury REVASCULARIZATION Schwann cells stem cells stem cell delivery VASCULARITY 

分 类 号：R688[医药卫生—骨科学]