论智能汽车产品缺陷认定及其责任承担  

Judgment and responsibility for product defects of intelligent and connected vehicles

作　　者：杨洁[1] YANG Jie

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期107-114,154,共9页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“智能汽车产品质量安全法律治理研究”(18CFX062)成果之一。

摘　　要：智能技术的应用使汽车从人工操作的机械产品,逐步转变为电子信息系统控制的智能产品。智能汽车集硬件、软件、服务于一体,在实现全自动驾驶之前,用户动态驾驶任务接管致使智能汽车存在运行支配权交接的"两难困境",由此成为一种特殊的产品缺陷。认定智能汽车产品缺陷,需要限定智能汽车"合理危险"范围,明确产品安全风险警示义务,提供产品缺陷判断客观标准,并运用产品故障原则判定产品不合理危险。未来,两种由智能汽车产品缺陷导致的情形可能会频繁发生:一是虽未造成明显损害但用户察觉车辆存在安全隐患;二是因智能驾驶系统失控导致车辆自损。向智能汽车技术提供商主张侵权法上的救济,更有利于快速消除产品致害的危险。The application of intelligent technology is gradually transforming the automobile from a mechanical products operated by human beings to an intelligent product controlled by electronic information system.Intelligent and connected vehicles(ICVs)are an integration of hardware,software and service.Before the unmanned driving comes true,the dynamic driving task fallback will lead to a dilemma of the handover of operation control right,which will result in a special product defect of ICVs.Regarding the defect identification of ICV products,it is necessary to limit the scope of inherent product hazards,clarify the warning obligations of product safety risks,provide technical standards,and use the malfunction doctrine.Two kinds of situations caused by ICVs defects may occur frequently in the future.One is that a potential danger of ICVs is identified by drivers although there is no obvious damage,and the other is that the defects of automated driving system cause damage to ICVs themselves.It is conducive to eliminating the danger caused by ICV products quickly by claiming the remedy in tort law to ICV manufacturers.

关 键 词：智能汽车 产品缺陷 动态驾驶任务接管 除险责任 产品自损 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]