巫史文化与前儒家乐教文献的生成  

The culture of witchcraft history and the generation of musical literature in pre-Confucian times

作　　者：雷永强 Lei Yongqiang

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学马克思主义学院京津冀文化协同创新中心,天津300401

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2020年第12期82-89,191,192,共10页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目“先秦儒家乐教文献的生成与思想演进”(项目编号:12CZX032);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学研究优秀学者资助项目(项目编号:2019-YXXZ-10);洛阳市规划课题“中国古代河洛地区礼乐教化思想研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：巫史文化乃儒家文化的生成源头。在巫史文化之笼罩下,巫风浓厚,人们以乐舞娱神,而以乐舞事神为职业的古巫由此而得名。吊诡的是,古代理性之萌亦自巫始。在巫祭语境下,古巫于诵唱神谱、族谱的过程中,逐渐萌生出文献意识,并推动了文字的创制,使口传文献逐渐向文字文献过渡。为服务于宗教祭祀,作为群巫之长的氏族首领很早就在氏族内部开展乐教,这种乐教传统在夏商周三代相沿不替,而周公之制礼作乐,使传统乐教发生了温和的人文转向。周代乐教发达,产生了丰富的乐教文献。春秋末期,熏染于周公礼乐教化的卿大夫阶层,在立言不朽之价值导向下,搜讨、整理、诠释传统文献,其中有关乐教的部分,即成为孔子之儒家乐教文献的生成土壤。The culture of witchcraft history is the source of Confucian culture.Under the influence of the culture of witchcraft history,the witchcraft prevailed,people entertained the gods with music and dance,and hence produced the name of ancient sorcerer whose profession is music and dance.Paradoxically,the seeds of ancient reason also started from witchcraft.Under the background of witch sacrifice,the ancient witch recited the genealogy of Gods and genealogy in the clan,and gradually generated the literature awareness.It promoted the creation of writing characters,which lead to the transition from the oral documents to the text.In order to serve the religious sacrifice,the clan leader,as the head of the witch group,began to teach music in the clan from ancient times.The music education tradition continued throughout the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties.Until the Duke of Zhou made music and rites,the traditional music education has undergone a"gentle"humanistic turn.The music education was very prosperous in Zhou Dynasty,which produced a wealth of music education literature.In the Spring and Autumn period,and before the birth of Confucius,the officials in high rank were influenced by Duke of Zhou’s rites and music.Under the guidance of the immortal value,they searched,sorted and interpreted the traditional literature,including the part about music education,which became the soil for the generation of the Confucian musical literature.

关 键 词：巫史文化 前儒家 人文转向 乐教 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]