黄老学三才思想考论  

On the Conception of Three Geniuses of the School of Yellow Emperor and Laozi

作　　者：葛志毅[1] Ge Zhiyi(Department of History,Dalian University,Dalian,Liaoning,116622,China)

机构地区：[1]大连大学中国古代文化研究中心,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《古代文明》2021年第1期64-80,M0004,M0005,共19页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“黄老道家思想史”(项目批号:16ZDA106)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《黄老帛书》内多称三才,考三才之道本出《周易》,乃蕴于易卦体系中的义理精义。阴阳五行作为中国古代哲学义理体系代表,其初亦曾潜在发端于《周易》之内,易数五行化在此过程中起到较大沟通作用。战国末,以《月令》为标志,阴阳五行思想已形成,汉儒欲因此使本以阴阳为思想主导的《周易》五行化,这反映出阴阳五行思想体系影响之大,由此使较早产生的三才世界模式被五行体系所吸纳整合。经汉魏晋以来的长期酝酿发展,最终使阴阳五行思想体系,在宋代周敦颐的《太极图说》中得到较完善表达。通过对三才模式被五行体系吸纳整合的分析考求,可以断言《黄老帛书》之成不会晚于战国末以迄秦汉之际。Sancai(三才,three geniuses,namely,heaven and earth,human)as a term mentioned frequently in the silk book excavated in the Mawangdui(马王堆)Han tomb appeared originally in Book of Changes as the essence of the Yi divination system.The conception of Yin and Yang,and Five Elements,which came into being no later than the end of the Warring States period,may also be traced back to Book of Changes.Some Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty made efforts to interpret the doctrine of the Changes based upon ideas of the Five Elements,instead of Yin and Yang.This led to a result of that the early Sancai based world model was integrated with the Five Element system.After a long period of development,a systematical expression of Yin-yang and Five Elements was finally presented in the Taiji Tushuo(《太极图说》)by Zhou Dunyi(周敦颐)of the Song Dynasty.Through such an analysis about the integration of Sancai model to the Five Elements system,it can be concluded that the completion of the silk book from Mawangdui was not later than the transitional period from Qin to Han.

关 键 词：《黄老帛书》 三才之道 《周易》 易数五行化 阴阳五行 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]