稻谷霉菌的分离鉴定及其对稻谷品质的影响研究  

Isolation and Identification of Rice Mold and Its Effect on Rice Quality

作　　者：李娜[1] 周红丽[1] 张兵 周涛 任剑豪 宗平 吴卫国[1] Li Na;Zhou Hongli;Zhang Bing;Zhou Tao;Ren Jianhao;Zong Ping;Wu Weiguo(College of Food Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Zhongnan Cereals,Oils and Food Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410008)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,长沙410128 [2]中南粮油食品科学研究院有限公司,长沙410008

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2020年第12期115-124,共10页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：湖南省科技计划项目(2018TP1032);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20200676)。

摘　　要：以湖南常德仓储稻谷为研究对象,进行微生物实验及品质检测,并利用ITS序列分析技术,对稻谷中主要霉菌进行鉴定。通过分子生物学方法对菌种进行鉴定,经过三次取样,在稻谷中共分离出13种不同霉菌:Rhizopodiformis isolate HX-1、Aspergillus oryzae isolate NL5、Lichtheimia ramosa strain AUMC 7961、Aspergillus niger isolate SZ8M-14、Aspergillus fumigatus strain JXL-108Y-1、Aspergillus flavus isolate L-4932013、Rhizomucor pusillus strain CNM-CM 5124、Aspergillus candidus strain HDN15-152、Penicillium citrinum strain NSF4、Aspergillus cristatus、Penicillium islandicum culture collection MUCL 14074、Aspergillus cristatus strain 33YH-WZ-18、Rhizomucor pusillus strain AUMC 7966。随着稻谷霉菌的增长,稻谷的出糙率和整精米率均下降,与第一次取样相比,最后一次取样的5个点位稻谷出糙率分别下降了0.71%、1.69%、2.51%、2.94%、1.80%,整精米率分别下降了0.49%、6.13%、8.72%、7.56%、8.68%,脂肪酸值上升,5个点位稻谷脂肪酸值分别增加7.44%、14.10%、0.13%、25.31%、22.19%,说明稻谷霉菌对其品质的劣变具有积极作用。Changde warehouse rice in Hunan was taken as the research object,microbial experiments and quality testing were carried out,and major molds in rice were identified using ITS sequence analysis technology.The results showed that the species were identified by molecular biology methods.After three samplings,13 different molds were isolated from rice:Rhizopodiformis isolate HX-1,Aspergillus oryzae isolate NL5,Lichtheimia ramosa strain AUMC 7691,Aspergillus niger isolate SZ8M-14,Aspergillus fumigatus strain JXL-108Y-1,Aspergillus flavus isolate L-4932013,Rhizomorcor pusillus strain CNM-CM 5124,Aspergillus candidus strain HDN15-152,Penicillium citrinum strain NSF4,Aspergillus cristatus,Penicillium MUlicillium island Aspergillus cristatus strain 33YH-WZ-18,Rhizomocor pusillus strain AUMC 7966.With the growth of rice mold,the yield of rice and the percentage of polished rice decreased.Compared with the first sampling,the rice roughness at the last sampling point decreased by 0.71%,1.69%,2.51%,2.94%and 1.80%respectively;the polished rice rate decreased by 0.49%,6.13%,8.72%,7.56%,8.68%,fatty acid value increased,and the fatty acid value of the five-point rice increased by 7.44%,14.10%,0.13%,25.31%,22.19%,indicating that rice mold has a positive effect on its quality deterioration.

关 键 词：霉菌 菌落形态 显微结构 菌种鉴定 稻谷品质 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS205[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]