家庭养育方式对幼儿人格及社会适应性的影响  

A Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style:Effect on Children s Personality and Social Adaptation

作　　者：孙怡 姜露 龚扬 SUN Yi;JIANG Lu;GONG Yang(Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization,Ritsumeikan University,Osaka,5678570,Japan;College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234,China)

机构地区：[1]日本立命馆大学全球创新研究机构,大阪5678570 [2]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《基础教育》2020年第6期79-89,共11页Journal of Schooling Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题《乡村振兴战略下农村成人教育网格组团学习模式研究》(项目编号:CLA180280)。

摘　　要：本研究以281名小班和中班幼儿为对象开展纵向调查,通过比较父母养育、祖父母养育、父母与祖父母共同养育三种不同养育方式的幼儿进入小班或中班1个月以及1年后的表现,探讨早期家庭养育方式对幼儿人格发展(气质特征及亲子关系)以及社会适应性产生的影响。结果发现,祖父母养育的幼儿入园时受挫反应强度高于父母养育的幼儿,入园1年后所有幼儿在怕生、受挫反应强度、入园分离焦虑及焦虑型亲子依恋等维度上均有不同程度的改善。通过路径模型验证早期家庭养育方式与幼儿情绪行为问题间的因果关系,发现幼儿的受挫反应强度及亲子依恋在其中起到中介作用。以上结果表明,随着幼儿年龄的增长以及其在幼儿园集体生活时间的增加,幼儿在人格特质上均有所变化,但早期的养育方式仍可能通过影响幼儿的人格从而间接影响到其入园后的社会适应。The study aimed to investigate the influence of parenting style in early development stage on children s later personality and social adaptation after they entered kindergarten.We first examined the temperament and parent-child attachment of 281 children during the first month when they entered kindergarten,using questionnaires.Then we examined these variables again one year after they entered kindergarten,and added the SDQ,as a social adaptation scale.All of the questionnaires were answered by children s parents.It is found that the scores on Intensity of Reaction(IR)in frustration situation,Fearfulness for Strange(FS),Separation anxiety(SA)and Anxious Preoccupied Attachment(APA)decreased after one year.Further,the path model suggests that early parenting styles might indirectly influence children s social adaptation via their personality.Conclusion:With the development of individuals and the increase of social experience in kindergarten,children s personality showed significant changes,which reflects a process of socialization.However,the early parenting style might still have influence on children s later social adaptation.

关 键 词：养育方式 人格 社会适应性 学前儿童 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]