研究生教育对经济增长贡献率的区域差异与布局结构优化  

Regional Differences in the Contribution Rate of Postgraduate Education to Economic Growth and Optimization of Layout and Structure

作　　者：李立国 杜帆 Li Liguo;Du Fan(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2020年第21期28-36,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“研究生教育对经济增长的贡献率、集聚度的省域差异与布局结构优化”(71974195)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：引入柯布—道格拉斯生产函数和超越对数生产函数,本文测算出研究生教育对区域经济增长中的贡献率与要素驱动份额,发现我国研究生教育对区域经济增长贡献率的差异较大:从东中西部研究生教育对经济增长贡献率的计算结果来看,东部地区的人力资本贡献率最大。就研究生教育对经济增长的贡献率而言,东部地区明显高于其他地区为8.7%,中部地区高于全国平均水平为5.5%,西部地区最低贡献率仅为0.4%,说明研究生教育对东部地区和中部地区经济增长的作用较大,而对西部地区经济增长的作用不明显。从七大地理分区来看,华中、西北、华南和华东研究生教育的贡献率较大。从三大经济圈研究生教育对经济增长的贡献率来看,依次为珠三角地区、环渤海地区、长三角地区。在优化区域研究生教育布局中,应以服务需求为导向,切实改变"存量决定增量"的增长模式,形成"需求与条件相结合"的约束机制,对于不同层次与类型的研究生教育应采取有区别的发展政策,切实保障研究生人才培养质量。Introducing the Cobb-Douglas production function and the trans-log production function, this paper calculated the contribution value and rate of postgraduate education to regional economic growth, and found that the contribution rate of postgraduate education to regional economic growth in China is quite different. The contribution rate of human capital in the East is the largest. In terms of the contribution rate of postgraduate education to economic growth, the East is significantly higher than other regions with 8.7%. The Central is higher than the average with 5.5%, and the West has a smallest contribution rate with only 0.4%, which indicates that postgraduate education has a positive economic impact on the East and Central, while the effect on economic growth in the West is not obvious. From the perspective of the seven geographical divisions, the contribution rate of postgraduate education in Central, Northwest, South and East are relatively large. As for the three major economic circles, Pearl River Delta region is largest, followed by the Bohai Rim region and the Yangtze River Delta region. To promote the coordinated development of postgraduate education and regional economy, it is necessary to effectively change the "stock-based" homogenous growth model and to construct a constraint mechanism which takes both demand and condition into consideration. Last but not least, different policies should be adopted for different levels and types of postgraduate education.

关 键 词：研究生教育 经济增长贡献率 区域布局 超越对数函数 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学] F124[文化科学—教育学]