论罗尔斯“公平的正义”理念下的公民教育思想  

On Rawls's Citizenship Education Thought under the Idea of"Justice as Fairness"

作　　者：李牧今 Li Mujin(Research Center for Chinese Politics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国政治学研究中心

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2020年第12期74-79,共6页Contemporary Education Sciences

摘　　要：罗尔斯的教育思想是其正义理论的重要组成部分。他探讨立足于正义理论基础之上的公民教育问题,旨在建构和巩固公平的正义的良序社会。对于公平的正义的社会而言,教育的终极目的之一是培养能够支持、践行和维护社会正义结构的合理公民,而基于正义理念的良序社会本身就对公民具有决定性的教育作用,体现在使公民的自我价值得以确认和促使公民在社会公共行为中达到充分自律。而在一个良序社会里,公民们自由和公平的机会得到有效保障,他们能够在一个相对平等的起跑线上出发。差别原则、补偿原则等缓和了自然和社会偶然性对个人的影响,是维护公平的正义社会的重要步骤。教育问题不仅是一个权利的问题,同样也是一个善的问题。Rawls's educational thought is an important part of his justice theory.The discussion of citizenship education is based on his justice theory,aiming to construct and consolidate a fair,just and well-ordered society.In such society,one of the ultimate goals of education is to cultivate reasonable citizens who can support,practice,and maintain the structure of social justice,and a well-ordered society based on the idea of justice itself has a decisive educational effect on citizens,it confirms the self-worth of citizens and promote citizens to achieve full autonomy in social public behavior.In a well-ordered society,citizens’free and fair opportunities are effectively guaranteed,and they can stand on a relatively equal starting line.The difference principle and compensation principle alleviate the impact of natural endowment and the contingencies of social circumstance on individuals and are important steps to maintain a fair and just society.Education is not only a question of rights,but also a question of good,it involves individual good,social good,and political good.A well-ordered society guarantees the freedom and equality of individuals and gives everyone ample room for development of different concepts of good.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 公民教育 公平正义 良序社会 

分 类 号：G416[文化科学—教育学]