基于区块链的分布式激励架构研究  

Research on Distributed Incentive Architecture Based on Blockchain

作　　者：何云华[1,2,3] 黄伟 王伟忠 张翠 李红 孙利民[3] HE Yunhua;HUANG Wei;WANG Weizhong;ZHANG Cui;LI Hong;SUN Limin(School of Info.Sci.and Technol.,North China Univ.of Technol.,Beijing 100144,China;China Academy of Industrial Internet,Beijing 100102,China;Beijing Key Lab.IoT Info.Security Technol.,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;National Industrial Info.Security Development Research Center,Beijing 100040,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学信息学院,北京100144 [2]中国工业互联网研究院,北京100102 [3]中国科学院信息工程研究所物联网安全北京市重点实验室,北京100093 [4]国家工业信息安全发展研究中心,北京100040

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2021年第1期178-187,共10页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61802005;61702503);北京自然科学基金重点项目(KZ201810009011)。

摘　　要：区块链因其去中心化、开放性、不可篡改、匿名性等特征,被应用于激励机制中解决权威欺骗或信任缺失问题。然而,现有基于区块链的激励机制设计存在一些设计缺陷或评估缺失等问题。为解决以上问题,本文提出了一种基于区块链的分布式激励架构,为激励机制设计提供指导和评估依据。将激励机制视为区块链中的交易,从付款流向、付款方式、付款金额3方面制定了基于区块链的激励机制的基本需求和额外需求,包括了贯穿激励交易的整个流程;并在此基础上设计了场景适配、支付策略、效果评价3阶段的基于区块链的激励机制架构。场景适配阶段通过分析场景的角色关系提取参与方的利益关系,以适应不同场景的交易验证、报酬流向的差异;支付策略阶段提供了各类密码货币、定价策略与支付方式的特点及作用,以指导密码货币的选择、定价机制的设计和付款形式的确定;效果评价阶段从安全可信、隐私保护、可拓展性等方面分析激励机制的效果,从而给出较为全面的评估。最后,利用该架构对群智感知应用实例进行激励机制设计与优化,评估结果从安全可信、隐私保护、效率提升方面体现出激励设计方案的优化效果,从而验证本架构的有效性。In order to solve the problem of authority deception or lacking of trust in the incentive mechanisms,the blockchain technology is used due to its decentralization,openness,immutable and anonymity.However,existing incentive mechanisms based on blockchain has design defects or lack of evaluation.To solve the above problems,a distributed incentive architecture based on blockchain was proposed,which can provide guidance and evaluation basis for the design of incentive mechanism.In this architecture,an incentive mechanism was considered as a transaction in the blockchain,and the basic and additional requirements of the incentive mechanisms based on blockchain were formulated from the three aspects of payment flow,payment method and payment amount of the transaction,including the entire process of incentive transactions.Then,a three-stage blockchain-based incentive mechanism framework for scene adaptation,payment strategy,and effect evaluation was designed.In the scene adaptation stage,the interests of the participants were extracted by analyzing the role relationship of the scenario to apply to the difference of transaction verification and payment flow in different scenarios.The payment strategy stage provided the characteristics and functions of various cryptocurrencies,pricing strategies and payment methods to guide the selection of cryptocurrency,the design of pricing strategy and the determination of payment method.The effect evaluation stage was used to analyze the effect of the incentive mechanism from the aspects of security and credibility,privacy protection,scalability,etc.,so as to give a more comprehensive evaluation.Finally,the architecture was used to design and evaluate the incentive mechanism of the crowdsensing application.The evaluation results show the optimization effect of the incentive design scheme in terms of security and truthfulness,privacy protection,and efficiency improvement,thereby verifying the effectiveness of the architecture.

关 键 词：激励机制 区块链 密码货币 支付策略 激励效果 

分 类 号：TN911.22[电子电信—通信与信息系统]