鼠行天下:认知语言学理论视阈下“鼠”之文化诠辩  

Mice Exit all over the World:Cultural Explanation of"Mouse"from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

作　　者：黄交军[1] 李国英 HUANG Jiaojun;LI Guoying(Guiyang University,Guiyang 550005,China;Qingyan Guihuang midschool in Guiyang,Guiyang 550027,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳市青岩贵璜中学,贵州贵阳550027

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期52-65,共14页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“西南地区少数民族媒体语言生活调查研究”(18CYY020),主持人:杨菁;贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目“文化人类学视野下的身份困惑与民族秘史——话说贵州穿青族的前世今生”(2016ZC011),主持人:黄交军;贵阳学院院级项目立项资助课题“《说文解字》与中国先民生态文化研究”(10976200903),主持人:黄交军。

摘　　要：鼠乃地球上数量最多的动物之一,与人类关系匪浅,国民与其情感态度呈现冰火两重天的迥异反差,而认知语言学是当代语言学中最为耀眼的一颗明星,对诠释辩证语言及文化现象展示出超强的生命力、洞察力与说服力。以《说文解字》内与鼠有关的字词解说为研究对象,从认知语言学的理论视阈,在原型范畴、象似性质、隐喻修辞等三大认知维度集中探讨古代中国鼠文化,结果表明鼠乃上古穴居动物之关键原型,为先民认识世界、确立标准的一个显要范畴,鼠类字词通过象似性构成一多姿多彩、有条不紊的鼠族世界,凸显古人对鼠类动物的认知理据与甄别程度。尤为突出的是,鼠因其特征鲜明、内涵深刻成为文学世界中的常用隐喻,乃古人寄寓情怀、观照世界的一个重要认知工具,涵摄着华夏民族的认知机制与文化模式,为人类命运共同体理念奉献了古老注脚、思想源泉及鲜活案例,属于比较、区分东西方文明的一个基本象征符号,通过汉英对比更能凸显鼠之文化类型学的独特价值。As one of the most abundant animals on the earth,mice have a profound relationship with human beings,and Chinese people's emotional attitudes towards it present a striking contrast between fire and ice.Cognitive linguistics is the most dazzling star of contemporary linguistics,displaying a super strong vitality,insight and persuasiveness in the interpretation of dialectical language and cultural phenomena.Taking the explanation of words related to the mouse in Shuowen-Jiezi as the research object,this paper focuses on the study of mice culture in ancient China from the perspective of cognitive linguistics in three cognitive dimensions:prototypical category,iconicity and metaphor rhetoric.The results show that the mouse is the key archetype of the ancient burrowing animals,and it is an important category for the ancestors to understand the world and establish the standard.Mice words through iconicity constitute a colorful and orderly mouse world which highlights the cognitive motivation and the degree of discrimination of our ancestors towards rodents,especially the fact that mice became a common metaphor in the literary world because of their distinctive features and profound connotations.It is an important cognitive tool for ancient people to express their feelings and reflect the world,and reflect the cognitive mechanism and cultural pattern of the Chinese nation,offering ancient footnotes,sources of thought and fresh cases for the universal idea of a community of shared future for mankind,being a basic symbol of comparing and distinguishing Eastern and Western civilizations.Through the comparison between Chinese and English,it shows the outstanding value of cultural typology of mice.

关 键 词：鼠 认知语言学 《说文解字》 原型范畴 象似性质 隐喻修辞 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]