大学生话语沉默的质性研究——布迪厄“资本”的视角  

A Qualitative Analysis of University Students’ Silence (or Absence) in Discourse Based on Bourdieu’s Theory of Capital

作　　者：时广军 顾青云 Shi Guangjun;Gu Qingyun

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育科学学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2020年第6期101-107,112,共8页Modern University Education

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目“课堂场域中学生沉默的优化研究”,项目编号:2020SJA1958;江苏省社会科学基金项目“疫情后学生课堂话语变革研究”,项目编号:20JYC005。

摘　　要：创新开放的学校环境离不开学生话语活力,而学生沉默普遍存在于中国教育中。从资本视角出发,采用质性研究方法考察与分析大学生话语沉默现象,可以发现:大学生的话语沉默中潜藏着资本流动,主要体现是“苦修”式资本积累、“借力”式资本传承、“交易”式资本转化。资本优差决定大学生沉默与否,这种机制的特征是:沉默发生在资本再生产的过程中;在资本竞夺中人们对大学生沉默有一种隐性误识;沉默由依赖学生先赋资本逐步转向依赖后赋资本;寻求“资本—场域”匹配是学生话语沉默机制的先行条件。Students’ silence( or absence) in discourse,a phenomenon rather commonplace in education settings in China,has frequently been interpreted as a lack of academic ability or effort. Nevertheless,a qualitative analysis based on Bourdieu’s theory of Capital( concerning economic capital,cultural capital and social capital) shows that university students frequently use their silence( or absence) in discourse to attain certain Capital: 1) they may try to avoid disputes by keeping silent and work hard at the same time so as to accumulate their cultural Capital;2) they may show their goodwill by keeping silent so as to build their social Capital;3) they may give tacit consent by keeping silent in exchange for economic or social Capital. In a word,whether students would remain silent or not is determined by how much Capital they can expect to get from that. Silence( or absence) in discourse-contrary to a common misrecognition that regards it as mere surrender or submission-can be used by students as a means of Capital Reproduction,which helps them acquire some Capital in addition to their inherited one,so as to finally achieve success in the Field. To make the best use of silence,it is therefore necessary for students to identify first of all the corresponding Capital for specific Field.

关 键 词：话语沉默 资本流动 大学生 资本积累 资本转化 大学场域 质性研究 

分 类 号：G455[文化科学—教育学]