从汉易义理言说传统到王弼注义理的生成  

From the Han Confucians’Remarks Based on the Meanings and Principles to the Formation of the School of Meanings-and-Principles by Wang Bi

作　　者：刘雅萌[1] LIU Ya-meng

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《周易研究》2020年第5期45-55,共11页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：两汉治《易》以象数之学著称,然而在言谈、书信、奏疏等日常话语形式中,汉人对《易》的理解与运用依旧延续了先秦以来的义理言说传统,取义断章,为己所用。从孟喜、京房到郑玄、虞翻,两汉对象数的推阐渐趋精细,对《易》的解释思路亦逐渐由外向比附转变为内向推义。此于思维方式与解释方法上皆可视为王弼注的先导。王弼以经注的形式将对《易》义理的解说纳入经学阐释系统,其发挥《彖》《象》之大义,改变了象数与卦爻辞间生硬的比附关系,借《老》《庄》之旨解经的同时,亦是对先秦两汉义理言说及象数内化传统的继承与创新。回归汉魏易学生成与演进的实际语境可见,汉易与王弼易学间存在一以贯之的解释传统。此易学自身发展之内在理路,不应为"象数""义理"的简单对立所遮蔽。Changes scholarship in the Han(206 BCE-220 CE)was well known and characterized by its image-numerology.However,in daily discourses such as speeches,letters,and memorials to the throne,the Han people’s understanding and application of the Yi still succeeded the tradition of elucidating the meanings and principles conceived in the Changes since the pre-Qin period(before 221 BCE),making interpretations out of context for their own use.From Meng Xi(fl.c.50 BCE)and Jing Fang(77-37 BCE)to Zheng Xuan(127-200)and Yu Fan(164-233),image-numerology in the Han dynasty gradually became more refined,and the interpretation of the Changes gradually changed from external far-fetched analogy to internal inference.This can be regarded as the forerunner of Wang Bi’s(226-249)commentary.Wang Bi incorporated the interpretation of the principles of the Changes into the interpretative system of the classics in the form of classical annotations.It brought into play the in-depth connotations of the Tuan(Commentary on the Judgments)and Xiang(Commentary on the Images)and broke the far-fetched associations between images-and-numbers and hexagram-and-line statements.While interpreting the scripture with the help of Lao zi and Zhuang zi,his approach to the Changes was both an inheritance and an innovation of the traditions formed from the pre-Qin period to the Han dynasty.Returning to the actual context of Yi scholarship’s formation and evolution from the Han to the Wei(220-265)dynasties,we can see that there is a consistent interpretative tradition from the Han Yi to Wang Bi’s scholarship on the Changes.The internal logic of the development of Changes scholarship should not be obscured by the simply asserted opposition between image-numerology and meanings-and-principles.

关 键 词：汉易 王弼注 义理 象数 

分 类 号：B235.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]